Sediment removal from dam reservoirs using syphon suction action
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Sediment removal from dam reservoirs using syphon suction action Mohamed Elgamal 1,2 & Hesham Fouli 3 Received: 9 March 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract Dam reservoir siltation is a worldwide problem that results in loss of storage capacity and blockage of drainage outlets. Previous sediment removal techniques include flushing, excavation, dredging, and sluicing. In this study, sediment removal is investigated experimentally using image processing techniques, to assess the suction action of a syphon pipe. The syphon results in a scour hole that depends on several factors including the sediment mean diameter (d50), the applied suction head (Hw), the pipe diameter (dp), and the penetration depth (Zo). One soil type was used, poorly graded sand (d50 of 1 mm), to examine the interdependence of the other factors on the developed scour hole at equilibrium. Three heads (Hw) of 0.82 m, 1.04 m, and 1.22 m were applied and three pipe diameters (dp) of 6 mm, 9.5 mm, and 13.8 mm were used. Various Zo values that ranged between 0.0 and 7.0 cm were used. Measurements of the hole depth (hd), the hole diameter (D), and the removed soil mass were recorded. Non-dimensional characteristic relationships between the different factors were developed and a new non-dimensional design parameter (ϕ) is proposed to be used for estimating the scour hole dimensions. The design parameter ϕ depends on (Zo/Hw) and Reynolds number as input parameters. The results indicate a linear relation between (D/dp) and (hd/dp) with a regression coefficient (R2) ≈ 0.98, and a power-law relation between the normalized weight of the removed sediments (Ws/Fp) and (hd/dp) with R2 ≈ 0.95, where Fp is the suction pressure force. Keywords Sediment removal . Dam reservoir management . Reservoir operation and maintenance . Reservoir storage capacity
Introduction Siltation of dam reservoirs is a major common problem for most of the dams around the world. As stream flow enters a reservoir, it experiences a reduction in flow velocity. This causes the sediment being carried in the stream to settle to the bed of the reservoir. Over time, there is a loss of storage capacity due to sedimentation. The rate of loss is dependent on the sediment load of the stream, the flow rate, and the size and shape of the reservoir. A number of methods have been developed for sediment removal in reservoirs. These methods include flushing, excavation, dredging, and sluicing. In
Responsible Editor: Broder J. Merkel * Hesham Fouli [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, P.O. Box 5701, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
2
Irrigation and Hydraulics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
3
Department of Civil Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
sluicing, the sediment is sluiced out of the reservoir through a pipeline. Two sluicing methods that have been in use are the Saxophone Sediment Sluicer and the Slotted Pipe Sedimen
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