Seed Endophytes Biology and Biotechnology
This book focuses on the importance and roles of seed microbiomes in sustainable agriculture by exploring the diversity of microbes vectored on and within seeds of both cultivated and non-cultivated plants. It provides essential insights into how seeds ca
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Endophytes Biology and Biotechnology
Seed Endophytes
Satish Kumar Verma • James Francis White, Jr Editors
Seed Endophytes Biology and Biotechnology
Editors Satish Kumar Verma Department of Botany Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India
James Francis White, Jr Department of Plant Biology Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ, USA
ISBN 978-3-030-10503-7 ISBN 978-3-030-10504-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10504-4
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2019934965 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Prologue
What Are Endophytes? Endophytes are those bacteria and fungi that exist within the tissues of plants without negative effects on host plants. They have been reported from all the plants examined to date. Some endophytes are vectored on or within seeds of plants. These microbes are acquired by plant seeds and may be important to seedling development. Endophytic microbes support plants through mobilization of nutrients from soils, production of phytohormones, and further protecting plants from biotic (fungal pathogens and insects) and abiotic stresses. Further, seed microbes move into the plant body, protecting the plant from disease and improving the nutritional status of the entire plant. Endophytic bacteria stimulate the expression of host genes relating to nitrogen metabolism and hormone synthesis. The presence of endophytes also induces host defense genes in plants and makes them less susceptible to disease. Endophytic microbes produce a large number of agriculturally important metabolites. Seed-associated microbes are believed to be more adapted to plants and have ecological significance. Application of
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