Seismic Risk Assessment and Retrofitting With Special Emphasis on Ex
Many more people are coming to live in earthquake-prone areas, especially urban ones. Many such areas contain low-rise, low-cost housing, while little money is available to retrofit the buildings to avoid total collapse and thus potentially save lives. Th
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GEOTECHNICAL, GEOLOGICAL AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING Volume 10 Series Editor Atilla Ansal, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Bo˘gaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey Editorial Advisory Board Julian Bommer, Imperial College London, U.K. Jonathan D. Bray, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. Kyriazis Pitilakis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece Susumu Yasuda, Tokyo Denki University, Japan
For further titles published in this series, go to: http://www.springer.com/series/6011
Seismic Risk Assessment and Retrofitting With Special Emphasis on Existing Low-Rise Structures
edited by
ALPER ILKI Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
FARUK KARADOGAN Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
SUMRU PALA Istanbul Technical University, Turkey and
ERCAN YUKSEL Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
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Editors Alper Ilki Istanbul Technical University Maslak Campus Faculty Civil Engineering 34469 Istanbul Turkey [email protected]
Faruk Karadogan Istanbul Technical University Maslak Campus Faculty Civil Engineering 34469 Istanbul Turkey [email protected]
Sumru Pala Istanbul Technical University Maslak Campus Faculty Civil Engineering 34469 Istanbul Turkey [email protected]
Ercan Yuksel Istanbul Technical University Maslak Campus Faculty Civil Engineering 34469 Istanbul Turkey [email protected]
“Every effort has been made to contact the copyright holders of the figures and tables which have been reproduced from other sources. Anyone who has not been properly credited is requested to contact the publishers, so that due acknowledgement may be made in subsequent editions.”
ISSN 1573-6059 ISBN 978-90-481-2680-4 e-ISBN 978-90-481-2681-1 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-2681-1 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009927328 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 All rights reserved for Chapter 1. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
This volume provides insight into many important aspects of earthquake risk assessment and mitigation, with a focus on the conditions existing in Istanbul and with an emphasis on prevention of collapse of existing low-rise buildings. The large collapse potential of Istanbul’s low- and mid-rise buildings in case of earthquake is well documented and is acknowledged to be a major threat to the well-being of this great metropolis. The need exists to identify the most vulnerable buildings and to develop simple means and prescriptive rules for seismic upgrading of the vulnerable building stock. Many of the vulnerable buildings have relatively poorly con
