Selection of animal models for COVID-19 research
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COMMENTARY
Selection of animal models for COVID-19 research Suresh Kumar1 • Pardeep Kumar Yadav2 • Ramesh Srinivasan3 • Nagarajan Perumal4
Received: 8 June 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 Ó Indian Virological Society 2020
Abstract The researcher community across the globe is on a search for a promising animal model that closely mimics the clinical manifestation of SARS-CoV-2. Though some developments were seen such as serial adaptation in various animal species or the creation of genetically engineered models, a suitable animal model remains elusive. A model that could display the severity of human illness and can be used for the fast-track evaluation of potential drugs as well as for the clinical trials of vaccines is an urgent need of the hour. In the light of huge information generated on SARSCoV-2 and daily updates received from the research community, we have chosen to review the current status of animal models of SARS-CoV-2 in encompassing the areas of viral replication, transmission, active/passive immunization, clinical disease, and pathology. The review is intended to help the researchers in the selection of
& Nagarajan Perumal [email protected] Suresh Kumar [email protected]; [email protected] Pardeep Kumar Yadav [email protected] Ramesh Srinivasan [email protected]; [email protected] 1
National Institute of Biologicals, Noida, UP, India
2
Central Animal Facility, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
3
Department of veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil NAdu Veterinary and Animal Science University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
4
Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
appropriate animal models for SARS CoV-2 research in the fight against the current global pandemic. Keywords Animal models SARS-CoV2 Macaques Transgenic mice Immunogenicity Antiviral Vaccines
Introduction Emerging and re-emerging coronavirus outbreaks and nonavailability of vaccines and antiviral therapy for the recent worldwide pandemic of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, across the world, has encouraged the interdisciplinary collaborative efforts based on the concept of a ‘‘One Health approach’’ between human health, veterinary medicine, and environmental sciences [27]. The unpredictable nature of these viruses in terms of host transmission [2, 35], interspecies shift [8], evasion from host responses [11], high adaptation and relapsing nature [1] have severely hampered the evaluation of therapeutic modalities against these agents directly in humans. To recognize the epidemiology of various factors that contribute to the diseases, the use of various animal models of disease is of paramount importance for vaccine or antiviral therapy. In this article, we explored the animal models that can be used to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis with the primary aim of the evaluation of antiviral therapies and vaccines.
Requirements of an animal model against highly pathogenic viruses Direct clinical trials o
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