Self-assembly of semiconductor nanoparticles toward emergent behaviors on fluorescence
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Self-assembly of semiconductor nanoparticles toward emergent behaviors on fluorescence Xiao Li1,2, Zhili Lu3, and Tie Wang1,2,4 () 1
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China 4 Life and Health Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China © Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Received: 13 August 2020 / Revised: 21 September 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020
ABSTRACT Due to the unique fluorescence characteristics, superstructures from self-assembly of semiconductor nanoparticles have become essential components of material and chemical science, and thus it has broad application potential in displays, single-photon source, sensing, biological tagging and emerging quantum technologies. Superstructure refers to an artificial functional architecture whose length scale is between the quantum scale and the macroscale. When solely treating this complicated stage fitted from less complicated pieces together (basic nanoparticles) and pile speculation on speculation, we must understand the fundamental questions, that is, what the hierarchy or specialization of function is at the stage. The uniqueness of this stage is not the collection of basic nanoparticles, but the behavior that emerges on fluorescence-basically a new type of behavior. Under the angle of view, this study reviews the advances in the fluorescence of individual semiconductor nanoparticles, inter-nanoparticles coupling and thus emergent fluorescence behaviors of assemblies. We also try to present the methodology for seeking emergent behaviors on fluorescence.
KEYWORDS nanoparticle assembly, optical properties, ordered structures, coupling, emergent
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Introduction
The colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) of group II–VI, III–V and IV–VI semiconductors have attracted wide attention due to their size-dependent optical and electronic properties in which the exciton, electron and hole are quantum-confined to one or more dimensions [1–3]. Akin to the construction of atomic solid or molecule from atoms, semiconductor NPs could serve as building blocks and be spontaneously packed into superstructures (SPs) by a“bottom-up” approach [4, 5]. The building blocks can be any shape and are generally connected by the weak interaction forces including van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, magnetic interactions, etc [6, 7]. The diversity of SPs parallels with the beauty and richness of atomic solid or molecules and the SPs have become a brand-new category of material with novel fluorescence function for vast applications in displays, single-photon sources, biological tagging, sensing and eme
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