Self-compassion mediates and moderates the association between harsh parenting and depressive symptoms in Chinese adoles
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Self-compassion mediates and moderates the association between harsh parenting and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescent Qing-Qi Liu 1,2,3
&
Yu-Ting Hu 3
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Harsh parenting has been found to be a vital risk factor for adolescent depressive symptoms, however, previous research has primarily examined the direct effect of harsh parenting on depressive symptoms, and the underlying mechanisms were largely unexplored. The present study tested the mediating and moderating roles of self-compassion in the association between harsh parenting and adolescent depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional paper-pencil questionnaire survey regarding harsh parenting, self-compassion, depressive symptoms and demographic variables was administered to a convenience sample of 1020 Chinese adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years old (Mage = 16.82, SDage = 0.8; 46.08% girls). The results showed that harsh parenting was positively associated with adolescent depressive symptoms, and self-compassion was a mediator linking harsh parenting to adolescent depressive symptoms. Meanwhile, self-compassion was also a moderator buffering the relationship between harsh parenting and adolescent depressive symptoms. The relationship between harsh parenting and depressive symptoms was weaker for adolescents with higher levels of self-compassion than for those with lower levels of self-compassion. The findings extend previous research by revealing the unique and combined effects of harsh parenting and self-compassion in the development of adolescent depressive symptoms with two statistical models (i.e., mediation and moderation models). Implications and limitations are discussed. Keywords Harsh parenting . Self-compassion . Depressive symptoms . Adolescents
Introduction Globally, around 350 million people of all ages are living with depressive symptoms (World Health Organization 2017). Depressive symptoms can lead to adverse consequences such as insomnia (Alvaro et al. 2017; Li et al. 2018), self-injury behaviors (Baiden et al. 2017), suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors (Kamali et al. 2019; Miller et al. 2017). During the * Qing-Qi Liu [email protected] * Yu-Ting Hu [email protected] 1
Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2
School of Education and Science, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
3
Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, and School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
past several decades, although China achieved great economic development, people’s life satisfaction showed no positive change (Easterlin et al. 2012), and mental health problems such as depressive symptoms significantly increased (China Daily 2016). Adolescents are susceptible to depressive symptoms because of significant imbalance between physical and mental development (Leussis and Andersen 2008),
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