Semi-Rigid Connections in Steel Frames
The purpose of this chapter is to present the interaction of the steel frames and their joints and to describe an acceptable method of joint design. A key problem in dealing with joints is their classification, the basis of which is described in the Euroc
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SEMI-RIGID CONNECTIONS IN STEEL FRAMES
M. Ivanyi and Economics, Budapest, Hungary Technology Budapest University of Abstract: The purpose of this chapter is to present the interaction of the steel frames and their joints and to describe an acceptable method of joint design. A key problem in dealing with joints is their classification, the basis of which is described in the Eurocodes and other available design codes in a variety of different ways. Eurocodes take into account whether the joint is applied within a frame with fixed nodes or within one with sway nodes. The method is based on the results of experiments, therefore it is of great importance to perform large scale experimental tests under both monotonic and cyclic loading. Engineering methods help us with establishing the load-displacement diagrams of frames by using simple techniques, in a way that local "softening" effects occurring in the vicinity of joints can also be taken into account. Engineering design is an activity of fair complexity, thus it is important to establish direct design methods which, while simple, take into consideration certain complex phenomena such as the stiffness and strength properties of the joints (including beam-to-column joints as well as column bases). The preparation of this chapter has been supported financially by the National Scientefic Research Fund of the Republic of Hungary (OTKA) under grant No. T020358.
1 1.1
Introduction: A Reasonable Principle for Connection Design Introduction to Connection Design
The design of connections can be approached from a number of directions: the type of structure, the type of fastener, the type of loading, and the designer's special interest. The dominant concerns in the design of connections in buildings, bridges, and towers. Bolts, welds, and devices such as cable sockets transmit forces in different ways. Static loads, dynamic loads, and the expected number of repetitions of either, pose different problems. Structural engineers and fabricators have shared interests and responsibilities, but the focus of the former may be on obtaining a desired type of behaviour and that of the latter on ensuring practicable fabrication and erection (McGuire, 1992).
1.2
Basic Criteria for Structural Behaviour
Relevant properties of steel are its strength, its stiffness and its ductility or deformation capacity. These properties can be demonstrated in compression and tensile as well as connection test, see Figure 1 (ESDEP, 1994) (Colson, 1996). A well designed steel structure should possess the same good properties. M. Ivanyi et al. (eds.), Semi-Rigid Joints in Structural Steelwork © Springer-Verlag Wien 2000
M. Ivanyi
2 p
p
Compression
'l'+-- P
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Steel Member
I
Tension p-~-p
l j
Steel Member
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Requirements of strength, stillness and deformation capacity. Connections should have comparable
Figure 1. Strength, stiffness and deformation capacity of steel and connections. The basic requirements for structural elements/cmmections concern the strength, the stiffuess
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