Semiconductor microcavities: towards polariton lasers
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Semiconductor microcavities: towards polariton lasers A. Kavokin, G. Malpuech and Bernard Gil MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research / Volume 8 / January 2003 DOI: 10.1557/S1092578300000466, Published online: 13 June 2014
Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1092578300000466 How to cite this article: A. Kavokin, G. Malpuech and Bernard Gil (2003). Semiconductor microcavities: towards polariton lasers . MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research, 8, pp e3 doi:10.1557/S1092578300000466 Request Permissions : Click here
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MRS
Internet Journal Nitride Semiconductor Research
Semiconductor microcavities: towards polariton lasers A. Kavokin1, G. Malpuech1 and Bernard Gil2 1LASMEA, 2Groupe
UNR6602 CNRS/Université Blaise Pascal, d'Etude des Semiconducteurs, GES-CNRS,
(Received Wednesday, December 18, 2002; accepted Friday, April 18, 2003)
In this review paper we address one of the most rapidly developing new domains of semiconductor optics: light-matter coupling in semiconductor microcavities. Using the non-local dielectric response theory and transfer matrix technique, we show how two-dimensional confinement of a photonic mode coupled to an exciton resonance results in the appearance of two branches of excitonpolaritons, quasi-particles combining properties of photons and excitons. We obtain the dispersion relations of polaritons in microcavities and derive a condition for strong-weak coupling threshold. We show that being bosons, exciton-polaritons are subject to Bose-condensation which might result in emission of a coherent and monochromatic light in the strong coupling regime. A source of such coherent light is referred to as a polariton laser. We show that polariton lasers have theoretically no threshold and require essentially new basic physics as compared to conventional lasers described by Einstein theory. We give examples of model polariton laser structures expected to work at room temperature and overview the main difficulties on the way to producing these new opto-electronic devices.
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Introduction
The decade 1992-2002 in semiconductor optics can be called “decade of microcavities”. Hundreds if not thousands of papers dedicated to the physics of light-matter interaction in microcavities have appeared. Still, cavities remain one of the most intriguing semiconductor systems, extremely rich with new fundamental effects. Among such effects, we can mention the strong coupling of photons and excitons, the optical coupling of macroscopically separated quantum wells, giant Faraday rotation, motional narrowing and stimulated scattering of exciton-polaritons, their weak localization and their Bose-condensation. Many laboratories all over the world now work on enhancing the growth of microcavity samples, whose wh
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