Sensor Anchoring Improves the Correlation Between Intramuscular Pressure and Muscle Tension in a Rabbit Model

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Annals of Biomedical Engineering ( 2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-020-02633-7

Original Article

Sensor Anchoring Improves the Correlation Between Intramuscular Pressure and Muscle Tension in a Rabbit Model SHAWN M. O’CONNOR,1 KENTON R. KAUFMAN,3 SAMUEL R. WARD,2,4,5 and RICHARD L. LIEBER 2,4,6,7 1

School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; 3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 4Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; 5Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; 6Veteran’s Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; and 7Shirley Ryan AbilityLab and Northwestern University, 355 E. Erie Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA (Received 23 June 2020; accepted 18 September 2020) Associate Editor Jane Grande-Allen oversaw the review of this article.

Abstract—Intramuscular pressure (IMP) shows promise for estimating individual muscle tension in vivo. However, previous pressure measurements show high variability during isometric contraction and poor correlation with tension during dynamic contraction. We hypothesized that enhanced sensor anchoring/orientation would improve tension estimation and thus developed a novel pressure sensor with a barbed housing. Sensors were inserted into the tibialis anterior (TA) of New Zealand White rabbits (N = 8) both parallel and perpendicular to the fiber orientation. We measured muscle stress and IMP during both isometric and dynamic contractions. Passive stress showed good agreement for both insertion directions across muscle lengths (ICC > 0.8). Active stress and IMP agreement were good (ICC = 0.87 ± 0.04) for perpendicular insertions but poor (ICC = 0.21 ± 0.22) for parallel insertions across both dynamic contractions and isometric contractions within the muscle’s range of motion. These findings support use of IMP measurements to estimate muscle tension across a range of contraction conditions. Keywords—Isometric contraction, Dynamic contraction, Force–length relationship, Force–velocity relationship.

ABBREVIATIONS IMP COV TA

Intramuscular pressure Coefficient of variation Tibialis anterior

Address correspondence to Richard L. Lieber, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab and Northwestern University, 355 E. Erie Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic mail: [email protected]

ROM HA PCSA COD ICC

Range of motion Hyaluronic acid Physiological cross-sectional area Coefficient of determination Intraclass correlation coefficient

INTRODUCTION Assessment of in vivo muscle function is a challenge that limits clinical evaluation of human muscle health. Direct measures of real-time muscle tension, as would be desired during clinical gait testing, are highly invasive and typically confined to animal studies. Ultrasound elastography provides a rough estimate of muscle tension but only during quasi steady-state conditions.13 Intramuscular p