Separation of P Phase and Fe Phase in High Phosphorus Oolitic Iron Ore by Ultrafine Grinding and Gaseous Reduction in a
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TRODUCTION
WITH the gradual decrease of high grade iron ore reserves around the world, its supply has become the bottleneck to restrict the development of iron and steel industry. To solve the crisis of resources, utilization of the refractory ores is in an urgent need, such as the high phosphorus iron ore in massive reserves. The high phosphorus iron ore is a typical complex resource, which contains a high content of iron, but it is hard to be used due to the presence of phosphorus and its special oolitic structure.[1–3] In high phosphorus iron ore, the apatite phase and hematite phase are so intimately intermixed,[4,5] which makes it hard to grind the ore to a fine enough size to separate iron oxides and phosphorous containing phase by the conventional mechanical crushing methods.[6,7] In recent years, Omran et al.[8–11] have widely investigated the influence of microwave heating on the structureand the separation of phosphorus and magnetic properties of high phosphorus oolitic iron ores; the results show that microwave treatment improves phosphorus separation and magnetic properties, and consumes considerably less energy compared with the conventional thermal treatment. For the utilization of high phosphorus oolitic iron ore, many hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes were proposed. The hydrometallurgical processes for the dephosphorization of high phosphorus JIN-TAO GAO, Lecturer, LEI GUO, Doctoral Student, and ZHAN-CHENG GUO, Professor, are with the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted March 1, 2015. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
iron ores mainly include the reverse flotation process,[12,13] the bioleaching process,[14–17] the acid leaching process,[18,19] and the alkaline leaching process.[20] Chemical leaching is a typical hydrometallurgical process for the dephosphorization through different acid leaching methods, and the phosphorus can be removed with little dissolution of iron and acid consumption at optimum conditions.[1,21,22] Ionkov[23] has further investigated the beneficiation routes aimed at dephosphorization of oolitic gravity magnetic concentrates, and involving a combination of roasting, re-grinding, magnetic separation, and water and acid leaching, he found that cement phases coat the oolites and penetrate inside the cracks, and goethite is partly transformed to magnetite by alkaline roasting; further by grinding to a mean size of 0.04 mm, with water and acid leaching and double magnetic separation, the phosphorus content can be decreased from 0.71 to 0.05 wt pct. The pyrometallurgical processes are beneficial for the production of direct reduction iron (DRI). Coal-based reduction is one of the typical pyrometallurgical processes by ore-carbon reduction composite agglomerates in a semi-molten state, which is always assisted with grinding and magnetic separation to separate iron and other gangue phases.[24,25] Li[26] studied the coal-based reduction of oolit
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