Serological evidence of rift valley fever Phlebovirus and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus infections amo
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Serological evidence of rift valley fever Phlebovirus and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus infections among pygmies in the east region of Cameroon Serge Alain Sadeuh-Mba1, Gide Martial Yonga Wansi1, Maurice Demanou1, Antoine Gessain2 and Richard Njouom1*
Abstract Background: Rift Valley Fever Phlebovirus (RVFV) and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Orthonairovirus (CCHFV) specific antibodies had been documented among humans in urban settings of the southwestern and northern Cameroon in the late 1980s. Recently, evidence for enzootic circulation of RVFV was reported among livestock in both rural and urban settings in Cameroon. However, current estimates of human exposure to RVFV and CCHFV are still to be documented in Cameroon, especially in rural areas. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of RVFV and CCHFV in rural settings in the Southeastern rain forest of Cameroon. Results: Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays, the presence of RVFV and CCHFV Immunoglobulin G antibodies was investigated in plasma samples originating from 137 Pygmies from four villages of the East region of Cameroon. The studied population was found to be 12.4% (17/137) and 4.4% (6/137) seropositive for RVFV and CCHFV, respectively. The rates of RVFV IgG were comparable between the age groups and sex. Conversely, the rate of CCHFV IgG was significantly higher among the 41–60 years old participants (p = 0.02). Conclusions: This study provides a substantial evidence of the circulation of RVFV and CCHFV among rural inhabitants of the East region of Cameroon. Keywords: Rift valley fever phlebovirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus, Seroprevalence, Pygmies, Cameroon
Background Rift Valley Fever phlebovirus (RVFV), a member of the genus Phlebovirus in the family Phenuiviridae, is a mosquito-borne zoonotic virus that infects livestock and humans in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Clinically apparent infections are mainly observed in sheep, goats, cattle and camels in which they manifest high neonatal deaths and high rate of abortion. RVFV circulation has been repeatedly reported in domestic and wild animals * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Virology Service, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, 451 Rue 2005, Yaounde 2, P.O. Box 1274, Yaounde, Cameroon Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
in Cameroon from 1967 to 2017 based on serological [1–4] and molecular [4] evidences. With respect to humans, RVFV-specific antibodies were detected in urban populations from southwestern and northern Cameroon [5, 6]. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Orthonairovirus (CCHFV), a member of the genus Orthonairovirus in the family Nairoviridae, is characterized by tick-borne maintenance and transmission in an enzootic cycle involving ticks and mammals in endemic foci that are worldwide distributed. These foci include a wide geographic range in Western and Central Asia, the Middle East, South-Eastern Europe, and Africa. There is no
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