Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Infection Among a Population of Blood Donors in the Kpandai District of Northern Ghana: A
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Infection Among a Population of Blood Donors in the Kpandai District of Northern Ghana: A Five‑Year Retrospective Study from 2014 to 2018 Ahmed Tijani Bawah1 · Silas Kinanyok1 · Albert Abaka‑Yawson1 · Benjamin Mwintumah2 · Lincoln Toamsoma Ngambire3 · Richard Darko1 · Abdul‑Wahab Mawuko Hamid1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an infectious disease that is specific to the liver, causing both acute and chronic hepatitis. This study determined the trend of HBV infection among blood donors in the Kpandai District Hospital from January 2014 to December 2018. Retrospective analysis of donor profiles for a period of 5 years was used to assess the distribution of seropositive cases in relation to age, sex, and trend. The data was collected using pre-designed questionnaire and managed using Microsoft Excel spread sheet 2013. The overall sero-prevalence of HBV was 8.2% (230/2802). The year to year analysis depicted significant trends in reduction of HBV infection among the study population at a rate of 13 percentage points above the mean from 2014 to 2015, and 4.3 percentage points below the mean from 2016 to 2018 across the period. The prevalence in males was 8.4% (225/2687) and that of the females was 4.4% (5/115) and the highest rate of infection was among those below 30 years 9.8% (163/1666). Although the general prevalence of HBV infection was high (8.2%), there was a significant trend reduction in rate of infection across the study period. This suggests that the public health interventional strategies put in place to manage the HBV infection in Kpandai District seem to be working. Keywords Hepatitis B virus · Blood donors · Seropositive · Trend
Introduction Hepatitis B virus has been described as the most infectious known virus due to its ability to remain infectious outside the human host for not less than 1 week before losing infectivity [1]. Body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions among others constitute the mediums through which the virus is transmitted (WHO [1]). Beside vertical transmission, studies revealed that blood transfusion is Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00862-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ahmed Tijani Bawah [email protected] 1
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
2
Kpandai District Hospital, P.O. Box 35, Kpandai, Ghana
3
GRA Custom Division, P. O. Box KF304, Koforidua, Ghana
the commonest means of HBV transmission in developing countries [2]. Millions of individuals receive blood or blood products yearly, indicating a high tendency of transfusion transmitted HBV infection among the population, [3]. The World Health Organization reported in 2017 that, out of every 10 units of blood it is likely one is Hepatitis B seropo
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