Seroprevalence of Hydatid Disease Among Migrant Workers in Malaysia
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Seroprevalence of Hydatid Disease Among Migrant Workers in Malaysia Amjad Hayat Khan1 · Sam Khanbabaie1 · Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus1 · Siti Nursheena Mohd Zain2 · Zamrina Mohd Baharudeen1 · Norhidayu Sahimin3 · Rahmah Noordin1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Hydatid disease is not endemic in Malaysia; however, its migrant workers originate from neighboring countries where the disease is prevalent. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating the seroprevalence of hydatid disease among the workers. A total of 479 migrant workers were screened for hydatid disease. The sociodemographic information was collected, and serum samples were tested with a rapid dipstick test for hydatid disease called Hyd Rapid™. The present study showed that 13.6% of the migrant workers were found to be seropositive for hydatid disease. The highest seroprevalence was seen among Indian workers (29.41%), followed by Myanmarese (21.43%), Bangladeshis (14.92%), Nepalese (10.68%), and Indonesian (10.66%). This is the first study that highlights the likely presence of hydatid disease among the migrant workers in Malaysia, which may be of interest to the health authorities. Keywords Hydatid disease · Migrant workers · Rapid dipstick test · Malaysia
Background
* Rahmah Noordin [email protected] Amjad Hayat Khan [email protected] Sam Khanbabaie [email protected] Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus [email protected] Siti Nursheena Mohd Zain [email protected] Zamrina Mohd Baharudeen [email protected] Norhidayu Sahimin [email protected] 1
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Penang, Malaysia
2
Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3
Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Hydatid disease or echinococcosis is a neglected zoonosis which may infect human and animals. Tapeworms cause the disease, mainly Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis; they are responsible for cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), respectively [1]. CE is distributed globally and reported mainly in South America, the Mediterranean region, Eastern Europe, East Africa, Russia, Middle East, Central Asia, and China, whereas AE is more restricted and reported mostly in Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and China [1]. Hydatid disease causes hydatid cysts, which often occur in the liver and lung, and symptoms of the disease depend on the size and location of the cysts. However, small cysts can be asymptomatic for many years. The reported symptoms include fatigue and weight loss, hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, cholangitis, cholestatic jaundice, and anaphylactic reactions due to ruptured or leaking cysts [1, 2]. Hydatid disease is known to cause a significant health problem and economic impact due to potential complications in treatment and potential disabilities asso
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