Seroprevalence, spatial dispersion and factors associated with flavivirus and chikungunya infection in a risk area: a po
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Seroprevalence, spatial dispersion and factors associated with flavivirus and chikungunha infection in a risk area: a population-based seroprevalence study in Brazil Francisca Kalline de Almeida Barreto1*† , Carlos Henrique Alencar1,2† , Fernanda Montenegro de Carvalho Araújo3,4 , Rhaquel de Morais Alves Barbosa Oliveira1 , John Washington Cavalcante2,5 , Daniele Rocha Queiroz Lemos3 , Luís Arthur Brasil Gadelha Farias6,7 , Isac Lucca Frota Boriz1 , Leticia Queiroz Medeiros1 , Marcelo Nunes Pereira Melo3 , Fábio Miyajima8 , André Machado Siqueira9 , André Ricardo Ribas Freitas10 and Luciano Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti1,2†
Abstract Background: The State of Ceará, in Northeastern Brazil, suffers from a triple burden of arboviruses (dengue, Zika and chikungunya). We measured the seroprevalence of chikungunya, dengue and Zika and its associated factors in the population of Juazeiro do Norte, Southern Ceará State, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study of analytical and spatial analysis was performed to estimate the seroprevalence of dengue, Zika and chikungunya, in the year 2018. Participants were tested for IgM and IgG against these three viruses. Those with IgM and/or IgG positive tests results were considered positive. Poisson regression was used to analyze the factors associated with positive cases, in the same way that the spatial analysis of positive cases was performed to verify whether the cases were grouped. Results: Of the 404 participants, 25.0% (103/404) were positive for CHIKV, 92.0% (373/404) for flavivirus (dengue or Zika) and of these, 37.9% (153/404) samples were classified as probable dengue infection. Of those who reported having had an arbovirus in the past, positive CHIKV cases had 58.7% arthralgia (PR = 4.31; 95% CI: 2.06–9.03; p = 0.000) mainly in the hands, ankles and feet. Age over 60 years had a positive association with cases of flavivirus (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.09–1.54; p = 0.000). Fever, muscle pain, joint pain and skin rash were the most reported symptoms (46.1, 41.0, 38.3 and 28.41%, respectively). The positive cases of chikungunya and dengue or Zika were grouped in space and the city center was most affected area. (Continued on next page)
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Francisca Kalline de Almeida Barreto, Carlos Henrique Alencar and Luciano Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti contributed equally to this work. 1 Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
© The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative
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