Serum proton NMR metabolomics analysis of human lung cancer following microwave ablation
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RESEARCH
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Serum proton NMR metabolomics analysis of human lung cancer following microwave ablation Jian-Ming Hu* and Huang-Tao Sun
Abstract Background: To find potential serum biomarkers of microwave ablation (MWA) for treatment of human lung cancer by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics analysis. Methods: Serum specimens collected from 43 healthy individuals, 39 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 38 NSCLC patients treated with MWA, were subjected to 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Compared with healthy controls, NSCLC patients showed significantly elevated serum levels of lactate, alanine, glutamate, proline, glycoprotein, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, and markedly decreased serum levels of glucose, taurine, glutamine, glycine, phosphocreatine and threonine (p < 0.05). MWA treatment reversed the metabolic profiles of NSCLC patients towards the control group. Conclusions: 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis enhanced the current understanding of the mechanisms involved in NSCLC, and uncovered the therapeutic potential of MWA for treatment of NSCLC. The above disturbed serum metabolites were proposed to be the potential biomarkers that may help to predict NSCLC and to evaluate the efficacy of MWA in the treatment of NSCLC. Keywords: Non-small cell lung cancer, Microwave ablation, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Metabolomics, PLS-DA
Background In China, lung cancer is the most common incident cancer and the leading cause of cancer death for both men and women in 2015 [1]. It was reported that 486,555 patients died from lung cancer and the 5 year survival rate for patients was less than 20% in 2010 [2]. Surgery is the most preferred and effective method for lung cancer patients. However, many patients are inoperable such as advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients and lung metastases patients. At present, minimally invasive thermal therapy including radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are widely used in lung cancer patients in clinic [3], which use heat generated by the biological effects of tumor cells directly to cause irreversible damage or coagulation necrosis in tumor tissues [4]. * Correspondence: [email protected] Thoracic surgeons, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, 152 Patriotic Road, Nanchang City 333000, People’s Republic of China
MWA has several advantages such better heating of larger tumour volumes, which is consider to be more suitable for lung tissues [5]. Therapeutic effect evaluation of MWA is very important for doctors to easily and timely adjust the treatment plan to maximize the efficacy of thermal ablation therapy. Efficacy evaluation of thermal ablation is currently based on the anatomical imaging, morphology or pathology examination. The major disadvantages of these traditional indicators include poor sensitivity and specificity, which cannot effectively estimate the curative effects and predict prognosis of N
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