SESN2 correlates with advantageous prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
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RESEARCH
Open Access
SESN2 correlates with advantageous prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma Shaosen Chen1†, Weigang Yan2†, Weiya Lang3, Jing Yu4, Li Xu5, Xinyu Xu5, Yunlong Liu1* and Hongguang Bao1*
Abstract Background: SESN2 plays important roles in the regulation of cell survival, cell protection, and tumor suppression. However, the relationship between SESN2 expression and the clinicopathological attributes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is barely investigated. Methods: One-step quantitative reverse transcription PCR, Western blotting analysis in 15 fresh HCC tissues, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 100 HCC cases were performed to examine SESN2 expression. Survival analyses by Cox regression method and Kaplan-Meier curve were performed to describe the overall survival of 100 HCC patients. Results: The SESN2 expression in HCC tissues declined dramatically compared with the corresponding noncancerous tissues, and SESN2 expression was remarkably associated with HBV infection (p = 0.019), HCV infection (p = 0.001), and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.033). Survival analysis further demonstrated that SESN2 expression could serve as an independent prognostic biomarker for overall survival in univariate (p = 0.001) and multivariate analyses (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The data are the first to indicate that SESN2 might be a novel prognostic marker for HCC and that elevated SESN2 expression predicts advantageous outcomes in HCC patients. Keywords: SESN2, qPCR, Western blotting, IHC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the fifth most common cancer type and causes more than 500,000 cancer-related deaths every year worldwide [1– 3]. Although the majority of HCC cases develop in Asia, cases in China account for more than half of initially diagnosed HCC patients all over the world, and the city of Qidong in East China is one of the most highly endemic areas for HCC [4, 5]. The etiology of HCC is diverse and complicated; hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral infections as well as liver cirrhosis often contribute to HCC development [6, 7]. Despite substantial improvements in HCC management, including surgical resection, microwave ablation, liver transplantation, radiofrequency and chemotherapy, over the last 10 years, the prognosis of HCC remains unsatisfactory; moreover, the 5-year overall survival rate is less than 30% [8, 9]. * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Equal contributors 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the No. 2 Affiliated Hospital of Qiqhar Medical University, Qiqhar 161000, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
For now, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is still the most widely acknowledged marker in early detection and follow-up surveillance for HCC [10]. However, because of the number of AFP negative HCC patients and the inadequate understanding of the molecular mechanism of HCC tumorigenesis, studies focusing on the novel biomarkers that are involved
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