Shared bicycle microbial community: a potential antibiotic-resistant bacteria warehouse
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Shared bicycle microbial community: a potential antibiotic-resistant bacteria warehouse Yuqi Wu 1 & Jiahui Xie 1 & Jing Li 1 & Junyi Zhao 1 & Shihao Qiao 1 & Yuqing Li 1
&
Jumei Zeng 2
Received: 7 March 2020 / Accepted: 30 August 2020 # Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. 2020
Abstract Shared bicycle is an emerging form of public transportation in China and around the world. However, the bacterial community and drug-resistant microbiome on these bicycles have not been reported. Samples from 10 shared bicycles were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nine samples collected from 90 shared bicycles in three different kinds of location (hospital, metro station, shopping mall) were used for full-length 16S rDNA gene analysis to figure out the bacterial composition of the shared bicycle. Samples from 32 shared bicycles were used to investigate culturable drug-resistant bacteria of the shared bicycle bacterial community. It was found that in the shared bicycle bacterial community, Bacillus was the most abundant bacteria, as determined by both SEM observation and full-length 16S rDNA gene analysis. For the analysis of drug-resistant bacteria, Bacillus showed the strongest drug resist ability. Moreover, the resistances to bacitracin and sulfamethoxazole were the most common among all types of bacteria. Our study provides an important reference for the prevention of the potential spread of drug-resistant bacteria through shared bicycles. Keywords Shared bicycles . Biodiversity . Drug-resistant bacteria . Public health
Introduction Development of bike-sharing industry As an emerging industry, bike sharing has developed rapidly in recent years (Fu and Guo 2018). Bike sharing, especially free-floating shared bicycles (eliminating the need for stations), works much like a bicycle rental service that is based on GPS and smartphone technology. The bikes can be parked and locked at any bicycle rack around the city (Fig. 1a).
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-020-00820-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yuqing Li [email protected] * Jumei Zeng [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
2
West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
According to a news report from People’s daily online, China has seventy-seven shared bicycle companies, with a combined total of 23 million bikes up to February 2018 (Bian and Hong 2018). “Report on the development of China’s free-floating shared bicycle industry (2018)” from the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT) also mentioned that there were 221 million registered users of shared bicycles by the end of 2017, which means a quarter of the Chinese population use shared bicycles (CAICT 20
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