Short-term effects of biochar on soil CO 2 efflux in boreal Scots pine forests
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RESEARCH PAPER
Short-term effects of biochar on soil CO2 efflux in boreal Scots pine forests Xudan Zhu 1 & Tingting Zhu 2 & Jukka Pumpanen 3 & Marjo Palviainen 4 & Xuan Zhou 4 & Liisa Kulmala 4 & Viktor J. Bruckman 5 & Egle Köster 4 & Kajar Köster 4,6 & Heidi Aaltonen 4 & Naoki Makita 4,7 & Yixiang Wang 2 & Frank Berninger 1 Received: 2 June 2019 / Accepted: 11 May 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract & Key message During the first summer, wood biochar amendments increased soil temperature, pH, and soil CO2 effluxes in a xeric boreal Scots pine forest. The increase of soil CO2 efflux could be largely explained by increases in by soil temperature. Higher biochar application rates (1.0 vs 0.5 kg m−2) led to higher soil CO2 efflux while the pyrolysis temperature of biochar (500 or 650 °C) had no effect on soil CO2 efflux. & Context Using biochar as a soil amendment has been proposed to increase the carbon sequestration in soils. However, a more rapid soil organic matter turnover after biochar application might reduce the effectiveness of biochar applications for carbon sequestration. By raising the pyrolysis temperature, biochar with lower contents of labile carbohydrates can be produced. & Aims To better understand the effects of biochar on boreal forest soil, we applied two spruce biochar with different pyrolysis temperatures (500 °C and 650 °C) at amounts of 1.0 and 0.5 kg m−2 in a young xeric Scots pine forest in southern Finland. & Methods Soil CO2, microbial biomass, and physiochemical properties were measured to track changes after biochar application during the first summer. −2 −2 & Results Soil CO2 increased 14.3% in 1.0 kg m treatments and 4.6% in 0.5 kg m . Soil temperature and pH were obviously −2 higher in the 1.0 kg m treatments. Differences in soil CO2 among treatments disappear after correcting by soil temperature and soil moisture.
Handling Editor: Ana Rincón Contributions of the co-authors Xudan Zhu: Field and lab work, data analysis, methodology, writing of the original draft, submission, revision Tingting Zhu: Field and lab work, writing of the original draft partly, revision Frank Berninger: Supervision, conceptualization, methodology, validation, revision Jukka Pumpanen: Methodology, revision, validation, funding acquisition Marjo Palviainen: Experiment setup, field work, methodology, revision Xuan Zhou: Data analysis, draw graphs, revision Liisa Kulmalab: Data analysis, revision Viktor J. Bruckmane: Organization of the biochar from Austria, revision Egle Kösterb: Experiment setup, revision Kajar Köster: Experiment setup, revision Naoki Makita: Experiment setup, revision Heidi Aaltonen: Experiment setup, revision Yixiang Wang: Funding support from China, revision * Xudan Zhu [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Annals of Forest Science
(2020) 77:59
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Conclusion Biochar increased soil CO2 mainly by raising soil temperature in the short term. Higher biochar application rates led to higher soil CO2 effluxes. The increase in soi
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