Side-On transition radiation detector (TRD) based on THGEM
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Side-On transition radiation detector (TRD) based on THGEM Xiwen Liu1 · Bo Huang1 · Huanbo Feng1 · Hongbang Liu1 · Wenjin Xie1 · Xuefeng Huang1 · Shuai Chen1 · Jianyu Gu1 · Xiaochuan Xie1 · Jin Zhang1 · Qian Liu2 · Yongbo Huang1 · Yongwei Dong3 · Ming Xu3 · Enwei Liang1 Received: 24 January 2020 / Revised: 24 April 2020 / Accepted: 9 May 2020 © Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Purpose The characteristic that TR energy is proportional to the Lorentz factor provides a way for energy calibration. The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection calorimeter can be calibrated in space by the TRD in the future. Method In order to make the TR signal stand out from the energy loss signal, a new prototype of TRD called Side-On TRD with THGEM has been built. Side-on TRD uses side window incidence and strip readout to reduce the ionization energy registered in the channel where the TR photons are located, which is supposed to improve the detection efficiency of TR. Result and conclusion The Side-On TRD has been tested at CERN SPS and found the experimental results are significant. Keywords Transition radiation detector · THGEM · Test beam experiment · Radiator
Introduction HERD will be placed on the Chinese space station in the future, with one of the aims for dark matter search, precise cosmic ray spectrum and composition measurements up to the “knee” energy [1]. HERD’s main subdetector is homogeneous, almost cubic, electromagnetic calorimeter (CALO) made of LYSO cubic crystals. CALO’s electronic detection energy range is 10 GeV-10 TeV, and the cosmic ray nuclear detection energy range is 30 GeV-PeV [2]. Therefore, the calibration of CALO is crucial to meet the requirements of CALO’s large energy dynamic range. The energy calibration method for CALO has two main methods, particle response below 400 GeV using ground high-energy particle beam, and TR can be used for energy calibration of calorimeters in space [3]. TR is generated obviously at γ ∼ 103 ( γ is the Lorentz factor of incident charged particles), and reaches to the saturation at γ ∼ 104 , and the energy of TR is proportional to γ [4,5]. The range of
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Lorentz factor in 103 –104 corresponds to the energy of protons between 1 and 10 TeV. These properties of TR provide a feasible method to calibrate energy up to TeV with cosmic rays, which contains a large number of protons. TR is difficult to detect because it is generated with small photon yield and will superimpose to the energy loss of charged particles [6,7], one method to distinguish the two signals in a more significant way is to optimize the detector. TRD is built with two parts: an optimized regular radiator, in which charged particles create TR, and a detector consisting of a chamber filled with a working gas. The TRD with THGEM called Side-On TRD is designed, which has a proper gain to detect the signals. The 64-channel readout anode is used for improving the significance of TR, and it is introduced in detail in Sect. 2. The performances of Side-On TRD has bee
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