Significant increment of photoluminescence quantum yield by efficiently prohibiting fluorescence quenching in erbium(III
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Hong Yang The Institute for Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
Zian He, Liying Liu, and Wencheng Wang The State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
Fuyou Li The Institute for Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
Lei Xua) The State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China (Received 13 September 2004; accepted 25 May 2005)
A systematic investigation and comparison of the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields of six erbium(III) organic complexes are reported. We demonstrated that the PL quantum yield could be significantly improved by getting rid of OH and CH groups in the complexes. Moreover, perfluooctanoic acid with neither OH nor CH groups was used as a ligand to form complex with Er3+. The quantum yield of the newly synthesized erbium(III) complex was found to be as high as 2%, 100 times higher than ever reported.
I. INTRODUCTION
Optical amplifiers play a significant role in optical communication systems. Er3+ ions have been used as the active components in erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and other planar active devices in recent decades.1–3 There has been growing interest in integrated optics and waveguide devices. Polymer-based materials would have advantages over inorganic materials in this field because of their low costs, flexibility, high packaging density, and simple processing steps. Instead of rareearth ion salt, erbium organic complexes will provide the Er3+ ions with the necessary solubility to achieve high concentration in polymeric matrices.4,5 Until now, few examples of room temperature photoluminescence (PL) from erbium(III) organic complex systems have been reported. ErQ 3 [Erbium tris(8hydroxyquinolate)] attracted much attention because of
a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2005.0362 2940
J. Mater. Res., Vol. 20, No. 11, Nov 2005
its structural similarity to the well-known organic light emitting diode (OLED) compound AlQ3 [Aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinolate)].6,7 Both PL and electroluminescence of ErQ3 were observed.7–9 But the estimated internal efficiency of the ErQ3-based OLED is only 0.01%.9 Very recently, Magennis et al. measured the PL lifetime of ErQ3 in different local environments and reported the values from 0.2 to 2 s. Concerning the intrinsic radiative lifetime of around 8 ms, the actual luminescence lifetime implies that PL quantum yield is between 0.002% and 0.03%.10 Er(AcAc)3Phen [Erbium tris(acetylacetonate)(1,10-phenanthroline)] was also found to be a possible OLED material.11–13 However, no detailed information such as luminescence lifetime was reported. For erbium-doped inorganic glasses, concrete evidence showed that fluorescence can be heavily quenched by OH group
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