Simulating Crowds in Egress Scenarios
This book describes from a computer science viewpoint the software, methods of simulating and analysing crowds with a particular focus on the effects of panic in emergency situations. The power of modern technology impacts on modern life in multiple ways
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Simulating Crowds in Egress Scenarios
Simulating Crowds in Egress Scenarios
Vinícius J. Cassol Soraia R. Musse Cláudio R. Jung Norman I. Badler •
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Simulating Crowds in Egress Scenarios
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Vinícius J. Cassol Virtual Humans Simulation Lab Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Soraia R. Musse Computer Science Department Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
Cláudio R. Jung The Institute of Informatics Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Norman I. Badler Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA USA
ISBN 978-3-319-65201-6 ISBN 978-3-319-65202-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65202-3
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017954876 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
(Vinicius) For my dad Vicente and mom Liris, who taught me how beautiful life can be. (Soraia) To my parents (Eduardo and Iara) and daughters (Marina and Helena), who taught me the two first rules of love: respect and care. (Claudio) To my mom and dad (Ligia and Hilario), for all the care and incentive during my student years (and my whole life!!!). To my daughters Marina and Helena, for teaching me how to love. (Norman) To international colleagues everywhere.
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2 Background Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Theories in Crowd Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 Crowd Dynamics . . .
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