Simulation of Unit Operations in Formulation Development of Tablets Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
- PDF / 1,483,260 Bytes
- 13 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 52 Downloads / 186 Views
Review Article Simulation of Unit Operations in Formulation Development of Tablets Using Computational Fluid Dynamics S Hemamanjushree1 and Vamshi Krishna Tippavajhala1,2
Received 21 October 2019; accepted 5 February 2020 Abstract.
Tablets are the most customarily used solid oral unit dosage form for its better patient compliance. Preparation of these tablets include granulation, granule drying, die filling, and tablet coating as few unit operations and evaluation tests like dissolution test and disintegration test. These are the most crucial segments influencing the quality of the tablet. Critical analysis of the impact of factors like flow pattern, temperature, velocity, and other properties of fluid affecting the unit operations is obligatory to enhance their efficiency. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a combined mathematical and numerical approach, is used to analyze the process parameters of fluid affecting the abovementioned processes during tablet formulation. The equations governing the laws of conservation of energy, mass, and momentum are solved numerically utilizing CFD software for better understanding of the role of fluids within the tablet processing steps. This review not only focuses on discrete explanations on how CFD is utilized in formulation and evaluation of tablet but it is also a compilation of multiple research works performed on each unit operation by applying CFD. KEY WORDS: Computational fluid dynamics; Simulation tools; Formulation development of tablets.
INTRODUCTION Fluid dynamics is a branch of fluid mechanics which involves the study of fluid flow properties like its velocity, temperature, flow pattern, the effect of force on it, heat and mass transfer, changes in phase, chemical reactions, etc. (1,2). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a computer-based simulation tool used to model and analyze the flow of fluid using a combined numerical and mathematical approach (3). CFD analysis involves partial differential equations also known as Navier’s stokes equations to govern the fluid motion. Flow variables like velocity, pressure, viscosity, and density of the fluid are the components of the mathematical equation. Basic methodology of CFD involves 3 distinct steps; the first one is preprocessing during which an analyst designs a mesh/boundary for the fluid flow based on the type of the problem and prior knowledge regarding the physics of the fluid flow. Based on the mesh design, the mathematical equations are framed by considering conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy, and this process is called computational modelling. Preprocess is followed by processing step in which the mathematical equations are transfigured into numerical analogue by the software to solve it by the
1
Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. 2 To whom correspondence should be addressed. (e–mail: [email protected])
digital computers as they cannot straight away solve the equations. Conversion of the partial differential eq
Data Loading...
