Simultaneous biosynthesis of reduced graphene oxide-Ag-Cu 2 O nanostructures by lichen extract for catalytic reduction o
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pISSN: 0256-1115 eISSN: 1975-7220
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
Simultaneous biosynthesis of reduced graphene oxide-Ag-Cu2O nanostructures by lichen extract for catalytic reduction of textile dyes Zafer Çıplak*, Bengü Getiren*, Ceren Gökalp*, Ceren Atila Dinçer*,†, Atila Yıldız**, and Nuray Yıldız* *Department of Chemical Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Tandoğan, Ankara, Turkey **Department of Biology, Ankara University, 06100, Tandoğan, Ankara, Turkey (Received 20 March 2020 • Revised 8 July 2020 • Accepted 14 July 2020) AbstractMetal/metal oxide nanostructures based reduced graphene oxide (LrGO-Ag, LrGO-Cu2O, LrGO-Ag-Cu2O) nanocomposites were obtained via green method using Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. lichen extract. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed to analyze the prepared nanostructures. The results indicated that the nanocomposites were synthesized effectively and Ag-Cu2O nanoparticles with the mean diameter of 27 nm were well dispersed on the LrGO. The conversion of methylene blue (MB) to Leuco Methylene Blue (LMB) and 4-Nitrophenol (4NP) to 4-Aminophenol (4-AP) was performed by biosynthesized catalysts in the presence of NaBH4. The reaction rate of LrGO-Ag-Cu2O nanocomposite during 4-NP and MB reduction was found as 0.0026 s1 and 0.0497 s1, respectively. The LrGO-Ag-Cu2O nanocomposite showed superior catalytic performance for the reduction of both textile dyes. Keywords: Metal/Metal Oxide Nanostructures, Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO), Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. Extract, Green Synthesis, Catalytic Reduction
chemical precipitation, micro emulsion, pyrolysis and solvothermal methods for the synthesis of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles are expensive and include toxic chemicals. Therefore, researchers have focused on green synthesis methods that are non-toxic, lowcost and environmentally friendly. Lichen extract mediated synthesis is one of the green synthesis methods [22-26]. Lichens are a symbiotic relationship of photobionts and mycobionts. Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. which is a widespread lichen type especially in the Northern European countries and also Central Anatolia of Turkey, including - isolichenan polysaccharides and lichesterinic acid - protolichesterinic acid - roccellaric acid - fumarprotocetraric acid - protocetraric acid secondary metabolites [27-30]. Metal nanostructures can be utilized as catalysts by synthesizing a nanocomposite with graphene or graphene based structures like graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Graphene is a two-dimensional material composed of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms with high specific surface area, high crystallinity and electronic property. This superior material and its derivatives possess wide application areas like batteries, supercapacitors, drug delivery, antibacteria
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