Single-particle crushing strength under different relative humidity conditions
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RESEARCH PAPER
Single-particle crushing strength under different relative humidity conditions Joa˜o Manso1
•
Joa˜o Marcelino1
•
Laura Caldeira1
Received: 26 February 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper presents a fundamental study on the effect of the relative humidity on the rockfill crushing strength. This aspect plays an important role in the mechanical behaviour of rockfill, and it is known that certain characteristics of the granular materials, such as compressibility and shear strength, depend on the confining stress, which is a function of the particles crushing. An increased interest has been observed regarding the effect of the relative humidity in the mechanical behaviour of rockfill. Unfortunately, limited research has been conducted until now regarding the study of individual particle crushing. Therefore, this paper thoroughly investigated particle crushing, by performing single-particle crushing tests on rockfill particles divided into four size ranges, under different relative humidity conditions. The experimental results reveal a considerable influence of the relative humidity in the studied rockfill particles, whose strength of the particles with the greatest dimensions in saturated conditions was reduced by half. Consistent macro-mechanical evidence demonstrates that particle’s size and relative humidity conditions depict the most important factors that influence particle crushing strength. Keywords Crushing strength Particle breakage Relative humidity conditions Rockfill
1 Introduction The effects of embankment construction and operation of many geotechnical structures may result in particles breakage, when their crushing strength is exceeded. Several researchers studied the influence that this phenomenon could have in granular materials behaviour: Lee and Farhoomand [23] studied the effects of particle breakage in compressibility of highly stressed soil masses, Zeghal [53] focused his work in the role of grain crushing in road construction, and Okada et al. [38] noted that, within the failure zone, grain crushing was responsible for the motion of landslides. Ciantia et al. [8] observed that particle crushing is shown to reduce fabric anisotropy during incremental loading and to slow fabric change during continuous shearing. Todisco et al. [48] found out that,
& Joa˜o Manso [email protected] 1
Geotechnics Applied to Hydraulic Works Division, Geotechnical Department, National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (LNEC), Avenida do Brasil No 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal
during loading, hard contacts would preserve their morphology leading to large stress concentrations prior to failure, whereas soft contacts would mould to its surroundings involving the entire particle in the crushing mechanism. Although single grain crushing is expected to influence the assembly behaviour [12, 48], the constitutive behaviour of the granular material is primarily affected by the cushion
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