Skin Tumors
There is a wide variety of skin tumors in the dog; tumors derive from the epithelial cells of the epidermis and adnexa, the melanocytes, dermal stromal cells, subcutaneous adipocytes, or infiltrating hematopoietic cells. Mast cell tumors are the most comm
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Skin Tumors Robert Klopfleisch
4.1
Skin Tumors of the Dog – 60
4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4
Canine Epithelial Tumors – 60 Canine Cutaneous Melanomas – 66 Canine Soft Tissue Sarcomas – 68 Canine Cutaneous Hematopoietic Tumors – 73
4.2
Skin Tumors of the Cat – 79
4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3
Feline Epithelial Tumors – 79 Mesenchymal Tumors – 83 Feline Hematopoietic Tumors – 87
4.3
Equine Skin Tumors – 90
4.3.1 4.3.2
Equine Sarcoids – 90 Equine Melanomas – 92
4.4
Bovine Skin Tumors – 93
4.4.1
Bovine Cutaneous Papillomas/Papillomatosis – 93
Suggested Reading – 94
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 R. Klopfleisch (ed.), Veterinary Oncology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41124-8_4
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R. Klopfleisch
4.1
Skin Tumors of the Dog
There is a wide variety of skin tumors in the dog; tumors derive from the epithelial cells of the epidermis and adnexa, the melanocytes, dermal stromal cells, subcutaneous adipocytes, or infiltrating hematopoietic cells. Mast cell tumors are the most common canine skin tumor. Soft tissue sarcomas including (i.e., lipomas, subcutaneous peripheral nerve sheath tumors, fibrosarcomas) histiocytomas, squamous-cell carcinomas, melanomas, hair follicle tumors, and cutaneous glandular tumors are other common tumors, which all have a similar but lower incidence.
4.1.1
Canine Epithelial Tumors
4.1.1.1
Canine Hair Follicle Tumors
Box 4.1. Canine Hair Follicle Tumors in Three Facts
1. Mostly benign or merely locally invasive. 2. Surgery mostly curative. 3. Subclassification into histologic subtypes is of minor clinical relevance.
z
Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
Hair follicle tumors are common skin tumors of the dog. They are divided into three main tumor types according to their histopathologic appearance, which are nevertheless very similar in their clinical appearance and biologic behavior. Trichoblastomas are benign tumors, which are currently believed to arise from epidermal basal cells or follicular stem cells. The tumor was previously called a basal cell tumor but has been renamed recently and is now known as trichoblastoma in the dog. Trichoblastomas are tumors of middle-aged to older dogs. A breed disposition for some terrier breeds may be present. Trichoepitheliomas are also benign tumors, which present with histologic growth patterns resembling hair follicles. They are tumors of middle-aged to older dogs. A breed disposition may be present for retrievers and poodles. An invasive and metastatic malignant form of the tumor has been described but is very rare.
Pilomatricomas are benign tumors, which are thought to arise from cells of the hair bulb. They are more common in middle-aged dogs than in older dogs. There is no confirmed breed disposition. Malignant pilomatricomas are rarely observed and are characterized by local infiltration, tumor satellites, and metastasis into the lung, bone, and less commonly into other organs. z
Clinical Appearance
The three main types of canine hair follicle tumors cannot be separated by their clinical appearance. All present as solid, w
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