Smart Education and e-Learning 2019
This book contains the contributions presented at the 6th international KES conference on Smart Education and e-Learning (KES SEEL-2019), which took place at St. Julian’s, Malta, June 17–19, 2019. It contains fifty-five high-quality peer-reviewed papers t
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Vladimir L. Uskov Robert J. Howlett Lakhmi C. Jain Editors
Smart Education and e-Learning 2019 123
Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies Volume 144
Series Editors Robert J. Howlett, Bournemouth University and KES International, Shoreham-by-sea, UK Lakhmi C. Jain, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Centre for Artificial Intelligence, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
The Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies book series encompasses the topics of knowledge, intelligence, innovation and sustainability. The aim of the series is to make available a platform for the publication of books on all aspects of single and multi-disciplinary research on these themes in order to make the latest results available in a readily-accessible form. Volumes on interdisciplinary research combining two or more of these areas is particularly sought. The series covers systems and paradigms that employ knowledge and intelligence in a broad sense. Its scope is systems having embedded knowledge and intelligence, which may be applied to the solution of world problems in industry, the environment and the community. It also focusses on the knowledge-transfer methodologies and innovation strategies employed to make this happen effectively. The combination of intelligent systems tools and a broad range of applications introduces a need for a synergy of disciplines from science, technology, business and the humanities. The series will include conference proceedings, edited collections, monographs, handbooks, reference books, and other relevant types of book in areas of science and technology where smart systems and technologies can offer innovative solutions. High quality content is an essential feature for all book proposals accepted for the series. It is expected that editors of all accepted volumes will ensure that contributions are subjected to an appropriate level of reviewing process and adhere to KES quality principles. ** Indexing: The books of this series are submitted to ISI Proceedings, EI-Compendex, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Springerlink **
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8767
Vladimir L. Uskov Robert J. Howlett Lakhmi C. Jain •
Editors
Smart Education and e-Learning 2019
123
•
Editors Vladimir L. Uskov Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Bradley University Peoria, IL, USA
Robert J. Howlett Bournemouth University and KES International Research Shoreham-by-sea, UK
Lakhmi C. Jain Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology Centre for Artificial Intelligence University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia Liverpool Hope University Liverpool, UK KES International Shoreham-by-sea, UK University of Canberra Canberra, Australia
ISSN 2190-3018 ISSN 2190-3026 (electronic) Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies ISBN 978-981-13-8259-8 ISBN 978-981-13-8260-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8260-4 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the
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