Smartphone Application for Total Phenols Content and Antioxidant Determination in Tomato, Strawberry, and Coffee Employi
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Smartphone Application for Total Phenols Content and Antioxidant Determination in Tomato, Strawberry, and Coffee Employing Digital Imaging Edmar J. O. Bazani 1 & Matheus S. Barreto 1 & Antonio J. Demuner 1 & Marcelo H. Dos Santos 1 & Cristiane I. Cerceau 1 & Daiane E. Blank 1 & Maria J. M. Firmino 1 & Gustavo S. F. Souza 1 & Mathews O. K. Franco 1 & Willian T. Suarez 1 & Paulo C. Stringheta 2 Received: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A low-cost, simple method for in situ determination of total phenols and antioxidants in tomato, strawberry, and coffee through digital imaging was developed and validated. The determination of total phenolic was based on the chelation reaction between quercetin and ferric chloride forming a yellow complex. The antioxidants were quantified by the reaction between 2,6-di-tertbutyl-4-methylphenol, potassium ferricyanide, and ferric chloride, forming a bluish-green complex. After optimization, analytical curves were built to monitor the green color channel within the concentration range of 0 to 31.8 mg L−1 (r = 0.9969) and of 0 to 5 mg L−1 (r = 0.9995) for quercetin and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, respectively. The recovery of quercetin and 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol ranged from 96.48 to 101.11% and from 99.00 to 106.00%, respectively. Limits of detection and quantification were 0.03 and 0.11 for quercetin and 0.26 and 0.88 mg L−1 for 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol. The proposed method affords simple manipulation, fast response and environmental safety. Keywords Digital image analysis . Food analysis . Total phenols . Antioxidants . PhotoMetrix® . Method validation
Introduction Ingestion of phenolic compounds and antioxidants is important to human health as these compounds control the oxidative stress that causes diseases such as chronic inflammation, cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative disorders (Karadag et al. 2009). Tomato, strawberry, and coffee are among the most consumed foods in the world. Brazil is one of the main producers of strawberry and tomato, with an estimated annual production of 4.5 million tons (IBGE 2017) in addition to being the Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-02001907-z. * Marcelo H. Dos Santos [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
2
Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
largest exporter and the second largest consumer market for coffee in the world (ABIC 2020). Thus, there is a great interest in quantifying phenolic compounds and antioxidants in these foods using a simple, fast, and inexpensive method. In the literature, several approaches for the determination of phenolic compounds and antioxidants report extraction methods with organic or inorganic solvents followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Cho
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