Social Justice
The Conference on Social Justice was the second in the series of con ferences organized under the auspices of the Departments of Eco nomics, Philosophy, and Political Science of The City College of The City University of New York. This conference was ma
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SOCIAL JUSTICE ED/TED BY
RANDOLPH L. BRAHAM
MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHING BOSTON / THE HAGUE / LONDON
Distributors for North America: Martinus Nijhoff Publishing Kluwer Boston, Inc. 190 Old Derby Street Hingham, Massachusetts 02043, U.S.A. Distributors outside North America: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Distribution Centre P.O. Box 322 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Social justice. Papers from the Conference on Social Justice, held at the City College of the City University of New York, Apr. 17-18,1980, and sponsored by the Departments of Economics, Philosophy, and Political Science of City College. Contents: Human nature and justice I James E. Bayley - The historical dimensions of justice / George Sher- Values and rights underlying social justice / K.D. Irani- [etc.] 1. Social justice - Congresses. 2. Social norms-Congresses. 3. Social values-Congresses. 4. Social problems-Congresses. I. Braham, Randolph L. II. Conference on Social Justice (1980: City College of New York) HM216.SSS 320'.01'1 81-2697 ISBN-13: 978-94-009-8164-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-8162-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-8162-1 A slightly different version of Chapter S, under the same title, appears in Philosophical Quarterly 31, no. 133 (April 1981): 11O-2S. Reprinted by permission. Chapter 7 is used with the permission of the author, William H. Riker, in whose name the copyright is registered. Copyright © 1981 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishing Soltcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1981 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means without written permission from the publisher.
CONTENTS
Editor's Preface
vii
Introduction Randolph L. Braham
ix
1 Human Nature and Justice James E. Bayley
1
2 The Historical Dimension of Justice
17
3 Values and Rights Underlying Social Justice
29
George Sher
K.D. Irani
4 Justice as Desert
45
Charles Evans
5 Equality of Opportunity
55
Michael Levin v
vi
CONTENTS
6 Equal Treatment and Reverse Discrimination James M. Buchanan
79
7 A Confrontation between the Theory of Social Choice and the Theory of Democracy William H. Riker
95
8 Men, Monkeys, and Morals: A Property Rights Theory of Social Justice Morris Silver
121
9 Social Justice and the Urban Predicament: The New York City Transit Strike of 1980 Robert Abrams
145
About the Contributors
167
EDITOR'S PREFACE
The Conference on Social Justice was the second in the series of conferences organized under the auspices of the Departments of Economics, Philosophy, and Political Science of The City College of The City University of New York. This conference was made possible under a generous grant from the Morton Globus Fund. Its success was assured by the participation of distinguished scholars and educators from the organizing departments as well as from a number of other American institutions of higher learning. Not all who participated are included in this volume drawn from the conference, but we are gr
