Societies, Social Inequalities and Marginalization Marginal Regions

This book provides an overview of marginality or marginalization, as a concept, characterizing a situation of impediments – social, political, economic, physical, and environmental – that impact the abilities of many people and societies to improve their

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Raghubir Chand Etienne Nel Stanko Pelc Editors

Societies, Social Inequalities and Marginalization Marginal Regions in the 21st Century

Perspectives on Geographical Marginality Volume 2

Series editors Walter Leimgruber, Fribourg, Switzerland Etienne Nel, Dunedin, New Zealand Stanko Pelc, Koper-Capodistria, Slovenia

This book series Perspectives on Geographical Marginality comprehensively overviews research, on areas and communities impacted by processes of marginalization as a result of globalization, economic, environmental, political and social change. This series seeks to discuss and determine what is geographical marginality by inviting leading international experts to publish theoretical and applied work. It also seeks to rigorously debate the degree to which local areas and communities are responding to these process of change and with what success. The series stems from the International Geographical Union’s (IGU), ‘Commission on Globalization, Marginalization, and Regional and Local Response’ (C12.29). As is suggested by its name, the commission researches the problem of geographical marginality offering a leading forum from which this series will be led. Marginality cannot be defined without putting it into a certain perspective: economic, political and social (including cultural). Marginality has to be clearly distinguished from peripherality. Marginal areas may be a part of periphery or even the centre, but “cannot really be attributed to them”. Proposed themes which will be covered include: • Mountainous regions and globalization; • Regional development and policy/or: Globalization and its impact on local and regional development; • Theory of marginalization; • Transformation of rural areas from the viewpoint of globalization and marginalization; • Drivers of marginalization in border and peripheral areas. This present book provides an overview of wide range of examples of societies fighting with poverty, social inequity and marginalization from many different viewpoints. It will be especially interesting for those who want to gain a better insight into situation and position of ethnic groups living in harsh mountainous conditions in Himalaya. Livelihood problems of this part of the world, outmigration and environmental threats are further interesting topics. Examples from other parts of the world such as from Kyrgyzstan, Israel, Switzerland and Finland provide an opportunity to compare and to see how marginality and marginalization differs around the world, considering the conditions, the scale and the angle of observation.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15046

Raghubir Chand Etienne Nel Stanko Pelc •



Editors

Societies, Social Inequalities and Marginalization Marginal Regions in the 21st Century

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Editors Raghubir Chand Department of Geography Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand India

Stanko Pelc Faculty of Education University of Primorska Koper-Capodistria Slovenia

Etienne Nel Department of Geography University of Otago Dunedin, Otago New Zea