Socio-economic differences in factors associated with alcohol use among adolescents in Slovenia: a cross-sectional study
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Socio-economic differences in factors associated with alcohol use among adolescents in Slovenia: a cross-sectional study Emina Mehanovic´1,2
•
Matej Kosˇir3 • Sanela Talic´3 • Helena Jericˇek Klansˇcˇek4 • Federica Vigna-Taglianti1,2
Received: 28 April 2020 / Revised: 3 August 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+) 2020
Abstract Objectives This paper aims to investigate the association of parental, friends, and personal factors with the risk of alcohol use in a sample of Slovenian adolescents, and whether these associations differ by socio-economic status of the school area (SES). Methods The survey involved 2946 students of 44 Slovenian primary schools in the school year 2010/2011. The association between sociodemographic characteristics, parental alcohol use and permissiveness to drink, parental monitoring, perception of friends’ alcohol use, beliefs towards alcohol, self-esteem and refusal skills, and the probability of recent alcohol use was evaluated through multiple multilevel logistic regression analysis. Results Parental alcohol use, parental permissiveness to drink alcohol, low parental monitoring, perception of friends’ alcohol use, positive beliefs towards alcohol use, and low refusal skills were significantly associated with the risk of alcohol use. Parental drinking and permissive attitudes were stronger correlates of alcohol use among adolescents of middle and low SES schools, while friends’ alcohol use and personal factors among adolescents of high SES schools. Conclusions Alcohol prevention programs should be tailored to school socio-economic environment taking into account friends and personal determinants among high SES, and parental factors among low SES school students. Keywords Alcohol Slovenia Adolescents School Socio-economic status Multilevel analysis
Introduction This article is part of the special issue ‘‘Adolescent health in Central and Eastern Europe’’. & Emina Mehanovic´ [email protected] Matej Kosˇir [email protected] Sanela Talic´ [email protected] Helena Jericˇek Klansˇcˇek [email protected] Federica Vigna-Taglianti [email protected] 1
Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
2
Piedmont Centre for Drug Addiction Epidemiology, ASL TO3, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
3
Institute of Research and Development UTRIP, Grosuplje, Slovenia
4
National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Alcohol use is widespread among Slovenian adolescents (Furlan et al. 2010; Jericˇek Klansˇcˇek et al. 2019). According to the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD), alcohol use among adolescents in Slovenia exceeds the European average (Kraus et al. 2016). This is not surprising since alcoholrelated behaviours during adolescence are strongly influenced by social patterns of drinking (Bjarnason et al. 2003), and alcohol use is recognized as a socially acceptable behaviou
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