Sodium sulfate influence on the electrodeposition of MnO 2 films for application in Supercapacitors
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Sodium sulfate influence on the electrodeposition of MnO2 films for application in Supercapacitors M. C. Nascimento 1 & E.C. Silva 1 & J.C.M Costa 1 & B.L. Pereira 1 & R. R. Passos 1 & L. A. Pocrifka 1 Received: 28 February 2020 / Revised: 14 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Manganese dioxide (MD) was synthesized by cyclic voltammetry using 0.5 mol L−1 MnSO4·6H2O as the precursor solution, with and without the 0.05 mol L−1 of Na2SO4 support electrolyte solution, and effect was studied by several techniques. The AFM analysis allowed the study of the substrate and synthesized films topography; SEM images showed the differences in the morphology and thickness of the films. Through XRD analysis, it was possible to observe the crystallinity of the materials, caused by the influence of Na2SO4 during electrodeposition and electrochemical characterization, which made it possible to obtain results that served as parameters during the studies proposed here. The voltammograms showed the differences in theoretical capacitance of 0.5 mol L−1 manganese dioxide with Na2SO4 (MDNa) and for 0.5 mol L−1 manganese dioxide without the 0.05 mol L−1 of Na2SO4, which were 860.25 and 455 F g−1, respectively, while in the GCD tests, they present 375 and 250 F g−1 of specific capacitance for the 0.5 mol L−1 MDNa and 0.5 mol L−1 MD electrodes; all results measured in 0.5 A g−1. The EIS studies by the Nyquist and Bode plots made it possible to analyze the resistivity regions and the capacitive nature of the materials. It can be concluded that the purpose of this study was successfully achieved, since the results are interrelated and confirm that the MDNa electrode has attractive and more advantageous properties than MD for supercapacitor application. Keywords Manganese dioxide . Electrodeposition . Supercapacitor
Introduction Some of the factors related to the rise, consumption, and dependence on fossil fuels of modern society can be attributed to world population growth, rising cost of prices, rising emissions of polluting gases, global warming, geopolitical concerns, and the industrialization of new technologies. These facts have directed research into the wider use of renewable sources and a new generation of high-performance electrochemical devices for energy storage and conversion such as supercapacitors, fuel cells, and portable batteries [1]. The energy requirements for numerous portable electronic devices have increased dramatically and exceeded the capacity of conventional batteries in such extent that great attention Contribution from XXII. SIBEE conference 2019 – Brazilian Symposium on Electrochemistry and Electroanalysis * L. A. Pocrifka [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Energy, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
is directed towards supercapacitors as an energy storage system [2–4]. These are also commonly expressed as electrochemical capacitors (ECs), which have attracted the
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