Software Deployment for Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems of Automotive Applications
Automotive applications can be described as distributed embedded software which perform real-time computation on top of a heterogeneous hardware platform. One key phase in designing distributed software systems is software deployment. Therein it is decide
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Abstract Automotive applications can be described as distributed embedded software which perform real-time computation on top of a heterogeneous hardware platform. One key phase in designing distributed software systems is software deployment. Therein it is decided how software components are deployed over the hardware platform, and how the communication between software components is performed. These decisions significantly determine the system performance. This chapter tackles the software deployment problem, tailored to the needs of the automotive domain. Thereby, the focus is on two issues: the configuration of the communication infrastructure and how to handle design constraints. It is shown, how state-of-the-art approaches have to be extended in order to tackle these issues, and how the overall process can be performed efficiently, by utilizing search methodologies.
1 Introduction In the past, automotive electronics and avionics systems were designed in a federated manner. Most functionality was implemented by special-purpose hardware and hardware-tailored software. One control unit performed only one or at most a limited number of individual functions, and functions had their own dedicated hardware. As the functionality steadily increased, the number of control units has also F. Pölzlbauer (B) Virtual Vehicle, Graz, Austria e-mail: [email protected] I. Bate Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK e-mail: [email protected] E. Brenner Institute for Technical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria e-mail: [email protected]
M. A. Khan et al. (eds.), Embedded and Real Time System Development: A Software Engineering Perspective, Studies in Computational Intelligence 520, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40888-5_12, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
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increased. Nowadays cars contain up to 80 control units. During the last several years, a paradigm shift has occurred. The design of electronics has moved from a hardwareoriented to a software/function-oriented approach. This means that functionality is mainly based on software which is executed on general-purpose hardware. In order to enable this trend an interface layer (AUTOSAR [2]) was introduced which separates the application software from the underlying hardware. At the same time, software development steadily moves from hand-coded to model-driven. In model driven development, system synthesis is an important design step to give a partitioning/allocation. The synthesis transforms the Platform Independent Model (PIM) of the system, held in views such as UML’s class and sequence diagram, into a Platform Specific Model (PSM), held in views such as UML’s deployment diagrams. Designlanguages which support model-driven development (such as UML, EAST-ADL, MARTE, etc.) provide dedicated diagrams (e.g.: component, deployment, communication, timing). In order to deploy the application software onto the execution platform, several configuration steps need to be performed. In the literatu
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