Soil Arching Effect in Piled Embankments Under Moving Shakedown Limit Loads
Most research conducted so far has investigated the behavior of soil arching in piled embankment under static loads, knowledge on their dynamic behaviors under transient loads of moving vehicles is rather limited in the literature, and therefore it deserv
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Introduction Soil arching is a common phenomenon in piled embankments resting on soft soils, and has long been recognized in the theory of soil mechanics [1]. Consequently, several design methods are proposed for the assessment of soil arching in piled embankment based on various concepts [2–5]. Most research conducted so far has investigated the behavior of soil arching in piled embankment under static loads; knowledge on their dynamic behaviors under transient loads of moving vehicles is rather limited in the literature. Although the soil arching under dynamic loads [6–8], the behavior of dynamic stress transfer in this embankment system under traffic loads is still not well known, and therefore it deserves more research attention. ‘Shakedown’ is used to refer to a state of structures under repeated loading conditions at which the behavior becomes purely elastic after some initial plastic deformation, and has therefore been a useful tool in the design of a wide range of practical applications such as pavement engineering and railway foundations [9–12]. However, there is a lack of research and knowledge on how the shakedown limit loads are related to the soil arching phenomenon in the piled embankment under cyclic loads. This paper presents an investigation on the soil arching effect in piled embankment under shakedown limit loads. Firstly, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model combined with Melan’s lower-bound shakedown theorem is presented. Secondly, the shakedown limit loads were applied onto the surface of Y. Zhuang (&) K. Wang Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Geotechnical Research Institute, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China e-mail: [email protected] K. Wang e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte. Ltd. and Zhejiang University Press 2018 X. Bian et al. (eds.), Environmental Vibrations and Transportation Geodynamics, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4508-0_58
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pavement as an external traffic loads to validate whether the piled embankment was in the shakedown status. Finally, the soil arching effect under the moving shakedown limit loads was investigated.
Shakedown Analysis of Piled Embankment Analytical Shakedown Solutions for Mohr–Coulomb Materials For Mohr–Coulomb materials, Melan’s shakedown theorem requires that the total stress state of any point in the materials has to lie within the Mohr–Coulomb failure surface, which leads to the following expression: 2 f ¼ rrxx þ M þ N 0
ð1Þ
M ¼ krexx krezz þ 2tanu c krezz tanu
ð2Þ
2 h 2 i N ¼ 4 1 þ tan2 u krexz c krezz tanu
ð3Þ
with
In order to satisfy Eq. (1), one condition must be met: c N 0 ) k e rxz þ rezz tanu
ð4Þ
The shakedown condition for the layered materials then can be written as follows: ksd ¼ min k1sd ; k2sd ; k3sd ; . . .; knsd
ð5Þ
Then the shakedown multiplier for the layered materials is given by: ksd ¼
c n max rexz þ rezz tanun
ð6Þ
where ksd is shakedown multi
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