Soil Collection
Soils are discontinuous heterogeneous environments that contain large numbers of diverse microbial populations including bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and viruses. These populations vary with depth and soil type. In general, surface soil horizons have
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Naga Raju Maddela Narasimha Golla Rangaswamy Vengatampalli
Soil Enzymes Influence of Sugar Industry Effluents on Soil Enzyme Activities 123
SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8868
Naga Raju Maddela • Narasimha Golla Rangaswamy Vengatampalli
Soil Enzymes Influence of Sugar Industry Effluents on Soil Enzyme Activities
Naga Raju Maddela Department of Life Sciences Universidad Estatal Amazonica Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
Narasimha Golla Department of Virology Sri Venkateswara University Tirupati, AP, India
School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Xiaoguwei Island, Panyu District Guangzhou, P.R. China Rangaswamy Vengatampalli Department of Microbiology Sri Krishnadevaraya University Anantapur, AP, India
ISSN 2191-5547 ISSN 2191-5555 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science ISBN 978-3-319-42654-9 ISBN 978-3-319-42655-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42655-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016951860 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Soil enzymes are key elements in the transformation of elements in the soil. Soil enzymes principally come from living and dead microbes, plant roots and residues, and soil animals. These enzymes are usually free from viable cells and stabilized in the soil matrix, where they accumulate or form complexes with organic matter (humus), clay, and humus–clay complexes. It is thought that two-thirds of enzyme activities can come from stabilized enzymes. Therefore, activity does not necessarily correlate with microbial number in a particular soil sample. This clearly indicates that enzyme activity is the cumulative effect of different biological
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