Soil Erosion and Typical Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Hillslopes in the Chinese Mollisol Region
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OIL ЕROSION
Soil Erosion and Typical Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Hillslopes in the Chinese Mollisol Region H. O. Shena, D. L. Wangb, L. L. Wenc, W. T. Zhaoa, and Y. Zhanga, * a
College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000 China c Songliao Water Resources Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Changchun, 130021 China *e-mail: [email protected]
bCollege
Received December 11, 2019; revised January 31, 2020; accepted April 28, 2020
Abstract—The Chinese Mollisol region is affected by soil erosion. Soil and water conservation (SWC) measures are effective in preventing these phenomena. However, few studies have systematically reviewed soil erosion and SWC measures in this region. The objectives of this paper were to analyze soil erosion and identify typical SWC measures on hillslopes in this Mollisol region. A literature review and analysis were conducted. Soil erosion is widespread in this region and is dominated by snowmelt and wind erosion in winter and spring, rainfall in summer and wind erosion in autumn. The A-horizon thicknesses and organic matter content of the Mollisol decreased with an increase in the number of years of cultivation. Therefore, controlling soil erosion is a means to protect this precious Mollisol resource. The characteristics of 39 SWC measures used on hillslopes were summarized. Among these measures, the contour ridge, large ridge, minimal tillage with residue mulching, no-tillage, straw returning, slope terrace, ridge belt, and agricultural protection forest approaches were the most typical SWC measures. Furthermore, the new tillage measure of half-ridge planting needs to be examined in future studies. In conclusion, it is of practical significance to select suitable SWC measures for different hillslopes in the Mollisol region. Keywords: biological and engineering measures, Northeastern China, slopes, soil erosion, tillage DOI: 10.1134/S1064229320100178
INTRODUCTION Soil erosion occurs in many areas around the world and causes severe hazards [11, 30], which result in soil degradation and other environmental problems [15, 29]. The Chinese Mollisol region (Fig. 1), which extends across Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces and into part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, has become one of the areas that are most in danger of soil erosion in China [45]. The Mollisol region exhibits a variety of soil erosion types that mainly include water erosion, wind erosion, gravitational erosion and freeze-thaw action [42]. The fertility of these Mollisols is decreasing, which threatens grain production and food security [6]. Some studies have focused on the processes [41], influential factors [45], and hazards [46] of soil erosion in this region. However, more studies are urgently needed to deeply analyze the soil erosion mechanisms in the Mollisol region. The implication of accelerated erosion has an important influence on soil and land deg
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