Solution and interaction of oxygen in complex liquid silver alloys
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evaluated on a molal basis, yielding partial molal enthalpy and entropy of solution values. Thus the "equivalence method" recently applied to solubilities and activitycoefficients at a given temperature, is found applicable to partial molal energetic data as well.
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i n v e s t i g a t i o n w a s u n d e r t a k e n in o r d e r get a b e t t e r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f o x y g e n solubility b e h a v i o r in a n d interaction with l i q u i d s i l v e r alloys, especially w i t h m o r e c o m p l e x s i l v e r a l l o y s . T h u s i t m a y be r e g a r d e d a s a c o n t i n u a t i o n of t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l s t u d y of S h a h a n d P a r l e e~ o f s i n g l e a l l o y i n g e l e m e n t i n f l u e n c e o n o x y g e n solubility in l i q u i d s i l v e r . L u p i s a n d E l l i o t t 2 h a v e a l s o p e r f o r m e d s i m i l a r i n v e s t i g a t i o n s but only i n a very s m a l l concentration r a n g e . A s e c o n dp u r p o s e w a s t o apply a newly developed m e t h o d f o r p r e d i c t i n g t h e r m o d y n a m i c p r o p e r t i e s in multicomponent m e l t s for the f i r s t time to partial m o l a r e n t r o p i e s a n d e n t h a l p i e s of e l e m e n t s i n d i l u t e solution. T h e method, c a l l e d "equivalence m e t h o d " a n d d e s c r i b e d i n d e t a i l i n r e c e n t p a p e r s , h a s so f a r b e e n a p p l i e d to solubility a n d a c t i v i t y c o e f f i c i e n t c u r v e s of N,3'4 S,5 H,6 and C7 i n multicomponent iron-based
alloys and to weight-percent-based entropy and enthalpy terms of nitrogen dissolution in iron alloyss and need not be repeated here. However some important advantages of the equivalence method as compared to other methods should be reemphasized: it may be applied in a purely mathematical manner which cannot be done with the graphical method of Shermanand Chipman. 9 Furthermore solubility data can be treated directly by this method. This is neither possible by Sherman-Chipman's method nor by that one developedby C. WagnerI° and improved by L u p i s a n d E l l i o t t .~l'~z T h e m a i n a d v a n t a g e , h o w e v e r , i s f o u n d i n t h e f a c t t h a t t h e k n o w l e d g e o f only o n e equivalence factor for each element and t h e function of a s i n g l e reference c u r v e a r e n e e d e d for p r e d i c tion; w h e r e a s , the W a g n e r and the Lupis-Elliott m e t h o d s r e q u i r e application of f i r s t , second, and even h i g h e r o r d e r interaction p a r a m e t e r s for each H.-D.KUNZE, formerly Max Kade Fellow at the Department of Mineral Engineering and the Center for Materials Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., and E. SCHURMANN are Research Associa t e and Professor, respectively, lnstitut fur Giessereiwesen, Technological University of Clausthal, Germany. N. A. D. PARLEE is Professor of Extractive Metallurgy, Stanford University. Manuscript submitted December 2 8 , 1970. METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS
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