Soybean tolerance to drought depends on the associated Bradyrhizobium strain
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ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY - RESEARCH PAPER
Soybean tolerance to drought depends on the associated Bradyrhizobium strain Paula Cerezini 1,2 & Biana Harumi Kuwano 1 Marco Antonio Nogueira 3
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Anna Karolina Grunvald 2
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Mariangela Hungria 3
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Received: 12 February 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia 2020
Abstract We evaluated the effect of three different Bradyrhizobium strains inoculated in two soybean genotypes (R01-581F, droughttolerant, and NA5858RR, drought-sensitive) submitted to drought in two trials conducted simultaneously under greenhouse. The strains (SEMIA 587, SEMIA 5019 (both B. elkanii), and SEMIA 5080 (B. diazoefficiens)) were inoculated individually in each genotype and then submitted to water restriction (or kept well-watered, control) between 45 and 62 days after emergence. No deep changes in plant physiological variables were observed under the moderate water restriction imposed during the first 10 days. Nevertheless, photosynthesis and transpiration decreased after the severe water restriction imposed for further 7 days. Water restriction reduced growth (− 30%) and the number of nodules (− 47% and − 58% for R01-581F and NA5858RR, respectively) of both genotypes, with a negative effect on N-metabolism. The genotype R01-581F inoculated with SEMIA 5019 strain had higher photosynthetic rates compared with NA5858RR, regardless of the Bradyrhizobium strain. On average, R01-581F showed better performance under drought than NA5858RR, with higher number of nodules (51 vs. 38 nodules per plant, respectively) and less accumulation of ureides in petioles (15 μmol g−1 vs. 34 μmol g−1, respectively). Moreover, plants inoculated with SEMIA 5080 had higher glutamine synthetase activity under severe water restriction, especially in the droughttolerant R01-518F, suggesting maintenance of N metabolism under drought. The Bradyrhizobium strain affects the host plant responses to drought in which the strain SEMIA 5080 improves the drought tolerance of R01-518F genotype. Keywords Biological nitrogen fixation . Inoculation . Nodulation . Ureides . Water stress
Introduction Climatic changes have been observed worldwide, with predictions of increase by 0.2 °C per decade in Earth’s temperature and occurrence of extreme events such as torrential rains, heat or cold waves, tropical cyclones, and drought [1, 2], leading to negative effects on agricultural activities. The rainfall patterns are expected to decrease up to 20% by the end of century [1], with intensification of drought in normally rainy areas. Responsible Editor: Acacio Aparecido Navarrete * Marco Antonio Nogueira [email protected] 1
Department of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C. Postal 10.011, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
2
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Embrapa Soja, C. Postal 231, Londrina, PR 86001-970, Brazil
Water restriction is one the most limiting abiotic factors to soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) yield, particularly
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