Spatial distribution of soil phosphorous fractions following 1-year farrowing sows in an outdoor hog-rearing farm in Eas
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Received: 28 October 2019 / Accepted: 30 March 2020 # Crown 2020
Abstract Outdoor hog-rearing operations are of interest for both producers and consumers due to high product quality, animal welfare status, and low input and potential environmental risks. However, hog manure is rich in phosphorus (P), an environmentally sensitive nutrient, and distribution of different P fractions down the soil profile in these production systems is not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial variability of soil P in different soil depth intervals following 1-year outdoor farrowing sows in a 0.5-ha paddock in cold-temperate climate of Eastern Canada. Soil samples were collected with 0–15, 15– 30, and > 30 cm depth intervals (up to 60 cm or the depth that sampling was possible) in grazing/rooting,
feeding, wallow, and farrowing hut areas. Soil samples were analyzed for Olsen P (Pol), organic P (PO), and total P (PT). Areas with more frequent presence of hogs showed 45–80% greater Pol concentrations, and movement of soluble PO down the soil profile was higher in these areas compared with the grazing/rooting area. The PO formed 80% of PT throughout the paddock, and the spatial distribution of PO was similar to PT in all soil depth intervals but different from Pol. Results also showed that PO concentrations in the paddock decreased at > 30 cm depth except for the feeding area. Findings of this study reveal that farrowing sow cycle in an outdoor hog-rearing farm setting can result in hot spots of P, which enhance the risk of environmental pollution.
M. Sharifi (*) Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, British Columbia V0H 1Z0, Canada e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Excretion . Hot spot . Outdoor hog . Phosphorous fractions . Soil depth . Spatial variability
A. J. Messiga Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6947 Lougheed Hwy, Agassiz, British Columbia V0M 1A2, Canada K. Asefpour Vakilian Department of Agrotechnology, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran E. Stopford : T. Hutchinson Environmental and Resource Studies Program, Trent School of Environment, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Dr., Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
Introduction Understanding alternatives to conventional livestock production systems is essential as conventional systems are faced with constant economic, environmental, social, and animal welfare concerns (Aillery et al. 2005; Bernués et al. 2011). There are competing suggestions as to the most suitable rearing practices as the innate behavior of animals must be balanced with the risk of pollution from production (Webster 2016) while continuing to produce high quality and sufficient quantities
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of product (Röös et al. 2018). There is an increasing interest for adoption of outdoor hog-rearing production system in Canada (MacDonald 2016). However, the distribution of environmentally sensitive nutrients especially phosphor
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