Spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of mosquito population density and community structure in Hainan Island, Chi
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Parasites & Vectors Open Access
RESEARCH
Spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of mosquito population density and community structure in Hainan Island, China Yiji Li1,2, Guofa Zhou2, Saifeng Zhong1, Xiaoming Wang2, Daibin Zhong2, Elizabeth Hemming‑Schroeder2, Guohui Yi3, Fengyang Fu4, Faxing Fu1, Liwang Cui5, Guzhen Cui6,7* and Guiyun Yan2*
Abstract Background: Mosquitoes are vectors of many tropical diseases. Understanding the ecology of local mosquito vec‑ tors, such as species composition, distributions, population dynamics, and species diversity is important for designing the optimal strategy to control the mosquito-borne diseases. Methods: Entomological surveillance of adult mosquitoes was conducted in five sites representing different ecologi‑ cal settings across Hainan Island from January to December of 2018 using BG Sentinel (BGS) traps and Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) light traps. In each site, we selected three areas representing urban, suburban and rural settings. Eighteen trap-days were sampled in each setting at each site, and CDC light traps and BGS traps were setup simultaneously. Mosquito species composition, distribution, population dynamics, and species diversity were analyzed. Mosquito densities were compared between different study sites and between different settings. Results: Nine species of mosquitoes belonging to four genera were identified. Culex quinquefasciatus (80.8%), Armigeres subalbatus (13.0%) and Anopheles sinensis (3.1%) were the top three species collected by CDC light traps; Cx. quinquefasciatus (91.9%), Ae. albopictus (5.1%), and Ar. subalbatus (2.8%) were the top three species collected by BGS traps. Predominant species varied among study sites. The population dynamics of Ae. albopictus, An. sinensis and Cx. quinquefasciatus showed clear seasonal variation regardless of study sites with a varied peak season for different spe‑ cies. Mosquito abundance of all species showed significant differences among different study sites and among urban, suburban and rural areas. Danzhou had the highest mosquito biodiversity, with an α, β, and Gini-Simpson biodiversity index of 8, 1.13 and 0.42, respectively. BGS traps captured Aedes mosquito at a higher efficiency than CDC light traps, whereas CDC light traps captured significantly more Anopheles and Armigeres mosquitoes than BGS traps. Conclusions: Mosquitoes were abundant on Hainan Island with clear seasonality and spatial heterogeneity. Popula‑ tion density, species composition, distribution, and species diversity were strongly affected by the natural environ‑ ment. Different tools are required for the surveillance of different mosquito species. Keywords: Hainan Island, Mosquito composition, Population dynamics, Species diversity, BGS trap, CDC light trap *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA 6 Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Sc
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