Spatio-temporal variations of respirable particles at residential areas located in the vicinity of opencast coal project
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Spatio-temporal variations of respirable particles at residential areas located in the vicinity of opencast coal projects, India: a case study Satya Prakash Sahu 1 & Manish Yadav 2 & Dhruti Sundar Pradhan 1 & Neha Rani 1 & Arka Jyoti Das 3 Received: 21 June 2017 / Accepted: 16 April 2018 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2018
Abstract The objective of the study is to investigate spatio-temporal variations of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 concentrations at seven residential sites, located in the vicinity of opencast coal projects, Basundhara Garjanbahal Area (BGA), India. Meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, and temperature were collected simultaneously with PM concentrations. Mean concentrations of PM10 in the range 215 ± 169–526 ± 412 μg m−3, PM2.5 in the range of 91 ± 79–297 ± 107 μg m−3, PM1 in the range of 68 ± 60–247 ± 84 μg m−3 were obtained. Coarse fractions (PM2.5– 10) varied from 27 to 58% whereas fine fractions (PM1–2.5 and PM1) varied in the range of 51–73%. PM2.5 concentration was 41–74% of PM10 concentration, PM1 concentration was 31–62% of PM10 concentration, and PM1 concentration was 73–83% of PM2.5 concentration. Role of meteorology on PM concentrations was assessed using correlation analysis. Linear relationships were established among PM concentrations using least square regression analysis. With the aid of principal component analysis, two components were drawn out of eight variables, which represent more than 75% of variance. The results indicated that major sources of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, PM1, CO, CO2) at the residential sites are road dust raised by vehicular movement, spillage of coal generated during transportation, spontaneous combustion of coal, and biomass burning in village area. Keywords Particulate matter . Particulate matter mass ratios . One-way ANOVA . Factor analysis . Principal component analysis
Introduction
* Satya Prakash Sahu [email protected] Manish Yadav [email protected] Dhruti Sundar Pradhan [email protected] Neha Rani [email protected] Arka Jyoti Das [email protected] 1
Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
2
Environment Department, Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited, Bhubaneswar, India
3
Mine Design and Simulation Section, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, India
Most of energy requirement in India is fulfilled by coal. It occupies a center stage in India’s energy scenario because of the limited petroleum and natural gas reserves, ecological constraints on hydroelectric projects, and radiation hazards from nuclear power plants. The importance of coal in India can be judged from the fact that it supports about nearly 60% of the commercial energy demand of our country. To fulfill the rising demand, through sustained program of investment and greater thrust on application of modern technologies, it has been possible to raise the production of coal from a level of about 70 million ton
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