Spatiotemporal characteristics of locomotor adaptation of walking with two handheld poles
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Spatiotemporal characteristics of locomotor adaptation of walking with two handheld poles Hiroki Obata1 · Tetsuya Ogawa2 · Hikaru Yokoyama3,4 · Naotsugu Kaneko4,5 · Kimitaka Nakazawa5 Received: 7 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Pole walking (PW) has received attention not only as a whole-body exercise that can be adapted for elderly people with poor physical fitness but also as a possible intervention for the restoration of gait function in normal walking without the use of poles (i.e., conventional walking CW). However, the characteristics of PW, especially how and why PW training affects CW, remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of locomotor adaptation in PW from the perspective of kinematic variables. For this purpose, we compared the locomotor adaptation in PW and CW to that when walking on a split-belt treadmill in terms of spatial and temporal coordination. The result showed that adaptations to the split-belt treadmill in PW and CW were found only in interlimb parameters (step length and double support time ratios (fast/ slow limb)), not in intralimb parameters (stride length and stance time ratios). In these interlimb parameters, the movement patterns acquired through split-belt locomotor adaptations (i.e., the aftereffects) were transferred between CW and PW regardless of whether the novel movement patterns were learned in CW or PW. The aftereffects of double support time and step length learned in CW were completely washed out by the subsequent execution in PW. On the other hand, the aftereffect of double support time learned in PW was not completely washed out by the subsequent execution in CW, whereas the aftereffect of step length learned in PW was completely washed out by the subsequent execution in CW. These results suggest that the neural mechanisms related to controlling interlimb parameters are shared between CW and PW, and it is possible that, in interlimb coordination, temporal coordination is preferentially stored in adaptation during PW. Keywords Walking adaptation · Locomotion · Motor learning · Pole walking
Introduction Communicated by Francesco Lacquaniti. * Hiroki Obata [email protected] 1
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Liberal Arts, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1‑1 Sensui‑cho, Tobata‑ku, Kitakyushu‑shi, Fukuoka 804‑8550, Japan
2
Department of Clothing, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women’s University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 112‑8681, Japan
3
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei‑shi, Tokyo 184‑8588, Japan
4
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda‑ku, Tokyo 102‑0083, Japan
5
Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro‑ku, Tokyo 153‑0041, Japan
Pole walking (PW) is a form of locomotion in which a person holds a pole in each hand and touches one of the poles
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