Spatiotemporal variation of odor-active VOCs in Thessaloniki, Greece: implications for impacts from industrial activitie
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AIR POLLUTION: CHEMISTRY AND HEALTH RISKS
Spatiotemporal variation of odor-active VOCs in Thessaloniki, Greece: implications for impacts from industrial activities Athanasios Besis 1 & Iraklis Latsios 2 & Eleni Papakosta 2 & Theodoros Simeonidis 2 & Athanasios Kouras 1 & Aristeidis Voliotis 1,3 & Constantini Samara 1 Received: 6 January 2020 / Accepted: 23 March 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A yearlong study of odor-active VOCs was carried out in the northwestern district of the city of Thessaloniki, Greece, which is in close vicinity to a large-scale petroleum refining and petrochemical process complex, as well as other activities such as power generation from natural gas burning and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) shipping. Odor nuisance has been a major concern in the district often rising complaints from local residents. A total of 312 samples of VOCs were collected at three sites during a 12-month period (May 2018–May 2019) on thermal desorption cartridges and analyzed by thermal desorption gas chromatography interfaced with mass selective detector (TD-CG/MS). Fifty-five odorous compounds including 8 mercaptans, 5 thiophenes, 7 sulfides, 22 aromatics, and 13 aldehydes were measured, and their spatial and temporal variations were assessed. Concentrations found were compared with those measured at other sites within the urban agglomeration Thessaloniki. Correlations with meteorological conditions (ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind direction/speed, and frequency/depth of temperature inversions) were investigated. Bivariate polar plots of the concentrations of Σ 8 Mercaptans, Σ 5 Thiophenes, Σ 7 Sulfides, Σ 22 Aromatics, and Σ13Aldehydes as a function of wind speed and wind direction were constructed for source localization. Keywords Mercaptans . Oil refinery . Petroleum sludge . Sulfides . VOSCs
Introduction It is commonly observed that malodor issues have become one of the hot socio-environmental subjects. The sources of Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08573-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Athanasios Besis [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
2
Department of Environment & Hydroeconomy, Directorate of Environment, Industry, Energy and Physical Resources, 26th October 64, Thessaloniki, Region of Central Macedonia, Greece
3
Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
malodor are found to include a variety of man-made activities such as chemical plants, oil refineries, sewage treatments, landfills, and livestock production facilities (Kim et al. 2006; Seo et al. 2014; Talaiekhozani et al. 2016; Wu et al. 2017). Although oil refineries generally do not have a continuous odor problem an
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