Seasonal and site-specific variation in the nutritional quality of temperate seaweed assemblages: implications for grazi
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Seasonal and site-specific variation in the nutritional quality of temperate seaweed assemblages: implications for grazing invertebrates and the commercial exploitation of seaweeds Damon Britton 1 & Matthias Schmid 1 & Andrew T. Revill 2 & Patti Virtue 1,2,3 & Peter D. Nichols 1,2 & Catriona L. Hurd 1 & Craig N. Mundy 1 Received: 15 June 2020 / Revised and accepted: 5 October 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In coastal ecosystems, seaweeds provide habitat and a food source for a variety of species including herbivores of commercial importance. In these systems seaweeds are the ultimate source of energy with any changes in the seaweeds invariably affecting species of higher trophic levels. Seaweeds are rich sources of nutritionally important compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and are particularly rich in long-chain (≥ C20) PUFA (LC-PUFA). In southern Australia, the ‘Great Southern Reef’ has one of the most diverse assemblages of seaweeds in the world, which support highly productive fisheries and have been recognised as a promising resource of omega-3 LC-PUFA. Despite this, there is little information on the biochemical composition of most species and how it varies between sites and seasons. To address this knowledge gap, we undertook a survey to assess seasonal variability in the biochemical composition (fatty acids and nitrogen content) of abundant understory seaweeds across three sites in eastern Tasmania. The availability of nutritional compounds differed between sites and was primarily driven by differences in the biomass and the biochemical composition of the nutritious red seaweeds at each site. This variability may explain regional differences in the productivity of commercial fisheries. At the species level, seasonal changes in fatty acid composition were highly variable between species and sites, indicating that multiple environmental drivers influence fatty acid composition of seaweeds in this system. This finding suggests that commercial harvest of seaweeds from eastern Tasmania will need to consider species and site-specific variability in fatty acid composition. Keywords Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) . Fatty acids . Macroalgae . Nutritional quality . Seasonal . Seaweed
Introduction Seaweed beds are diverse and productive communities that provide essential services (Steneck et al. 2002; Hurd et al. 2014): they form habitat for numerous Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02302-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Damon Britton [email protected] 1
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania 7004, Australia
2
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
3
Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems, Cooperative Research Centre, Hobart, Tasmania 7004, Australia
species (Hurd et al. 2014), release chemical cues that induce invertebrate larval settlement (Roberts 2001; R
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