Specific Features of the Ultrastructure of Mesonephros of Smolts of the Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar L. (Baltic Sea popul
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OGICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF HYDROBIONTS
Specific Features of the Ultrastructure of Mesonephros of Smolts of the Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar L. (Baltic Sea population) and Brown Trout Salmo trutta L. E. A. Flerovaa, b, *, D. S. Sendekc, and V. V. Yurchenkod aDemidov
Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia Yaroslavl Scientific Research Institute of Livestock Breeding and Forage Production, Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, Mikhailovsky, Yaroslavl oblast, Russia cState Research Institute on Lake and River Fisheries, St. Petersburg, Russia d Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Nekouzskii raion, Yaroslavl oblast, Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
b
Received February 22, 2018; revised November 27, 2018; accepted February 6, 2019
Abstract—The ultrastructure of the mesonephros of the natural population of Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar L., 1758) and brown trout smolts (Salmo trutta L., 1758) inhabiting the Luga River in Leningrad oblast, Russia, was studied. The general plan of the mesonephric kidney structure is presented. Specific features of the structure of leukocytes and nephron of salmonids under smoltification are described. The size of leukocytes and the height of the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules of the kidneys of salmon smolts are greater in comparison with those kidney cells of freshwater teleost fishes. The number, size, and population density of mitochondria, as well as the development of a rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in different types of cells of the mesonephros of salmon smolts, are higher than those in freshwater fish. A similar pattern is observed for the number of vesicles in the basal part of the distal tubule of the kidneys of the salmon smolt in comparison with freshwater fish. Cells with radially arranged vesicles (CRAVs) of different ultrastructures have been found for the first time in mesonephros of Atlantic salmon. All the described features of the ultrastructure of mesonephros cells are revealed for the smolts prior their migration into sea water. Keywords: Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, brown trout Salmo trutta, kidney, leukocytes, nephron, ultrastructure DOI: 10.1134/S1995082920030062
INTRODUCTION The term “smoltification” combines a wide range of phenomena of ethological, physiological, and biochemical reorganization of the organism of an ancient and unique group of salmon fish; the process of smoltification precedes and accompanies the seaward migration from the rivers. A series of adaptive transformations, which begin in the premigration period, takes place within the anadromous strategy under the influence of a complex of external cyclically changing factors; these transformations continue during migration of juveniles down the river and end in most specimens by the time they leave the estuary to the sea (Varnavsky, 1990). Despite the number of histological studies devoted to smoltification in salmonids, most work describe the morphological rearrangements occurr
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