Spectral Theory of Ordinary Differential Operators

These notes will be useful and of interest to mathematicians and physicists active in research as well as for students with some knowledge of the abstract theory of operators in Hilbert spaces. They give a complete spectral theory for ordinary differentia

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1258 Joachim Weidmann

Spectral Theory of Ordinary Differential Operators

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo

Lecture Notes in Mathematics Edited by A. Oold and B. Eckmann

1258 Joachim Weidmann

Spectral Theory of Ordinary Differential Operators

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo

Author

Joachim Weidmann Fachbereich Mathematik, Universitat Frankfurt Robert-Mayer-Stral3e 6-10, Postfach 111932 6000 Frankfurt/Main 11, Federal Republic of Germany

Mathematics Subject Classification (1980): 35B25, 35PXX, 47A40, 47E05, 81 C 10 ISBN 3-540-17902-X Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 0-387 -17902-X Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its version of June 24, 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law.

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1987 Printed in Germany Printing and binding: Druckhaus Beltz, Hemsbach/Bergstr. 2146/3140-543210

Preface

Hermann Weyl's celebrated work from 1910

"Uber gewohnl.Lche Differen-

tialgleichungen mit Singularitaten und die zugehorigen Entwicklungen willktirlicher Funktionen"

together with the developement of quantum mechanics

around 1925 initiated a continuous and extremely fruitful research activity in the spectral theory of Sturm-Liouville operators. Although the general theory in some sense had reached its final shape with the proof of the spectral

representation and the Weyl­Titchmarsh formula for the

spectral

matrix, many fascinating results about special operators have been contributed by a large number of mathematicians up to the present days. Wide

parts of the theory were generalized long time ago

even order operators mainly by On

the

other

Titchmarsh Liouville no

results case

expressions was

hand

by

have

B.W. Roos,

W.C. Sangr­en

are almost identical to those

been found for

operating on

[;2

certain

I.M. Glazman, K. Kodaira and M.A. Neumark.

S.D. Conte,

which

to

certain

first

in

order

the

E.C.

Sturm-

differential

­valued functions (Dirac systems).

general frame including all these different

and

types,

But

there

although

it

seemed obvious that there were many common features. The starting point for writing these notes was the intention to sent a general theory of ordinary differential operators, tors

of

trary the

m.

arbitrary order

covering opera-

operating on [;­­valued functions

for

arbi-

This is the content of about two thirds of the present text. In

remaining part we apply this theory to Sturm­Liouville operators

Dirac systems, of

n

pre-

studying mai