Spiritual care interventions in nursing: an integrative literature review
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Spiritual care interventions in nursing: an integrative literature review Mojtaba Ghorbani 1 & Eesa Mohammadi 1
&
Reza Aghabozorgi 2 & Monir Ramezani 3
Received: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract As an important part of the holistic care, spiritual care is considered an indicator of care quality. This study aims to identify and characterize nursing spiritual care interventions. In order to identify and select resources, an integrative review was done. The search was conducted in national and international databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, INML, Iran Medex, Iran Doc, Web of Science, Wiley, SID, ProQuest, Ovid, Science Direct, PubMed, ebrary, Sage, CINAHL, and Magiran from 1994 to 2018. As a result, 1625 articles were detected, 59 of which were included in synthesis. Data extraction and analysis presented eight categories of spiritual care interventions in the field of nursing including (1) the exploration of spiritual perspective, (2) healing presence, (3) the therapeutic use of self, (4) intuitive sense, (5) patient-centeredness, (6) meaning-centered therapeutic interventions, (7) the creation of a spiritually nurturing environment, and (8) the documentation and evaluation of spiritual care. Keywords Nursing . Review . Spiritual care . Spiritual care interventions . Spirituality
Introduction Spiritual care is a part of the art of nursing [1] and a crucial element of holistic care in accordance with ethical codes and clinical guidelines [2, 3]. Spiritual care means to help one acquire and retain the all existential aspects of one’s life [4]. Spiritual care is beyond psycho-social care. Psycho-social care can only refer to comfort, but spiritual care could validate and create a holy atmosphere, treat people very respectfully, and acknowledge their beliefs [5]. Spiritual care is important for an individual’s overall health and well-being [5–7]. Global migration has created unprecedented diversity and variety in modern societies, turning the spirituality and religion into a
* Eesa Mohammadi [email protected] Mojtaba Ghorbani [email protected] 1
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2
Khansari Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
3
Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
major topic in nursing. As a result of global migration, patients of various cultures and beliefs are hospitalized. Thus, nurses need to be sensitive to patients’ values and beliefs in order to more accurately identify their spiritual distress and needs, and to provide spiritual care at the right time without imposing their own opinions on patients, and respecting their beliefs. Thus, spiritual care plays an important role in nursing care [8]. All groups of hospitalized patients may need spiritual care. If the patients’ spiritual needs are addr
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