Well-being in high-risk pregnancy: an integrative review
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(2020) 20:526
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Well-being in high-risk pregnancy: an integrative review Kobra Mirzakhani1,2, Abbas Ebadi3,4, Farhad Faridhosseini5 and Talaat Khadivzadeh1,2*
Abstract Background: A prerequisite to the interventions for well-being improvement in high-risk pregnancy (HRP) is to make the concept clear, objective, and measurable. Despite the wealth of studies into the concept of well-being in HRP, there is no clear definition for it. This study aimed to explore the concept of well-being in HRP. Methods: This integrative review was conducted using the Whittemore and Knafl’s approach. A literature search was done without any data limitation in dictionaries, thesauruses, encyclopedias, well-being-related textbooks, midwifery, psychology, and mental health journals, and Iranian and international databases. The most primary inclusion criterion was relevance to well-being in HRP. The full-texts of all these articles were assessed using the checklists of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data were analyzed through the constant comparison method and were managed using the MAXQDA 10 software. Meaning units were identified and coded. The codes were grouped into subcategories and categories according to the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of well-being in HRP. Results: Thirty articles were included in the review, from which 540 codes were extracted. The codes were grouped into seven main attributes, eight main antecedents, and five main consequences of well-being in HRP. The four unique dimensions of well-being in HRP are physical, mental-emotional, social, and spiritual well-being. These dimensions differentiate well-being in HRP from well-being in low-risk pregnancy and in non-pregnancy conditions. Conclusion: As a complex and multidimensional concept, well-being in HRP refers to the pregnant woman’s evaluation of her life during HRP. It includes physical, hedonic, and eudaimonic components. The assessment of well-being in HRP should include all these components. Keywords: Well-being, Pregnancy, High-risk pregnancy
Background Pregnancy is a critical period in women’s lives because pregnant women experience different physical, mental, and social changes. Ineffective coping with such changes cause them serious problems [1]. Although pregnancy is a physiologic phenomenon, some conditions may endanger maternal or fetal health and thereby, turn pregnancy into a high-risk pregnancy (HRP) and cause women to * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2 Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
experience stressful conditions [2]. Almost 22% of pregnant women face with HRP [1]. HRP is associated with different physical complications which in turn can cause mood changes and mental and social problems. Studies showed that women with HRP experience negative feelings
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