Spontaneous formation of nanometer-scale self-organized structures in Ag-Cu alloys under irradiation
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Spontaneous formation of nanometer-scale self-organized structures in Ag-Cu alloys under irradiation Raúl A. Enrique and Pascal Bellon University of Illinois, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ABSTRACT Ion-beam irradiation can be used as a processing tool to synthesize metastable materials. A particular case is the preparation of solid solutions from immiscible alloys, which have been achieved for a whole range of systems. In this process, enhanced solute concentration is obtained through the local mixing induced by each irradiation event, which if occurring at a high enough frequency, can outweigh demixing by thermal diffusion. The resulting microstructure forms in far from equilibrium conditions, and theoretical results for these kind of driven alloys have shown that novel microstructures exhibiting self-organization can develop. To test these predictions, we prepare Ag-Cu multilayered thin films that we subject to 1 MeV Kr+-ion irradiation at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 225 ºC, and characterize the specimens by x-ray diffraction, TEM and STEM. We observe two different phenomena occurring at different length scales: On the one hand, regardless of the irradiation temperature, grains grow under irradiation until reaching a size limited by film thickness (~200 nm). On the other hand, the distribution of species inside the grains is greatly affected by the irradiation temperature. At intermediate temperatures, a semi-coherent decomposition is observed at a nanometer scale. This nanometer-scale decomposition phenomenon appears as an evidence of patterning, and thus confirms on the possibility of using ion-beam irradiation as a route to synthesize nanostructured materials with novel magnetic and optical properties.
INTRODUCTION In many situations, the desired materials properties for the application at hand do not correspond to those at equilibrium, but we instead look to maintain our system at a nonequilibrium state. In general, this requires: (1) generating a nonequilibrium state, (2) freezing the natural thermally driven kinetics of the material once the system reached such state. Among the many processing possibilities, ion beam mixing (IBM) has been established as a tool to synthesize unstable and metastable phases [1]. Each time an irradiation particle –e.g., an energetic heavy ion- interacts with the solid, a collision cascade starts with a recoiling atom. A whole region of the lattice becomes perturbed, which at the end of the cascade lifetime results in direct atomic relocations on one hand, and creation of point defects on the other. Therefore, IBM operates basically under two mechanisms: forced mixing and radiation-enhanced diffusion (RED). If we irradiate an alloy to a high enough dose, our system can reach a nonequilibrium dynamical steady state which will be basically quenched when irradiation stops, because RED stops as well. What makes this a very interesting processing technique is that the nonequilibri
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