Nuclear Reactions under Irradiation of Deuterated Structures by X Rays
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NUCLEI Experiment
Nuclear Reactions under Irradiation of Deuterated Structures by X Rays O. D. Dalkarov1), M. A. Negodaev1) , A. S. Rusetskii1)* , B. F. Lyakhov2), V. I. Tsehosh1) , E. I. Saunin2) , A. A. Bolotokov3), I. A. Kudriashov4), and N. V. Famina5) Received March 26, 2019; revised March 26, 2019; accepted March 26, 2019
Abstract—Measurements of emission from nuclear reaction products (neutrons and protons) have been carried out appearing in the deuterated structures of textured CVD diamond, palladium, titanium, and zirconium under irradiation with a beam of X rays using independent methods (neutron detector based on He-3 counters, Si surface-barrier semiconductor detectors and CR-39 track detector). The possibility of enhancement of both DD reaction and multi-particle deuterium fusion by the beam of X rays with energy ranging 20–30 keV in solid deuterated targets has been established. Analysis of X-ray fluorescence spectra of the target bombarded by beams of ions has revealed “additional” peaks, the occurrence of which cannot be related to any of the known elements, and requires separate study. DOI: 10.1134/S1063778819050065
1. INTRODUCTION In previous works [1−8] we have presented and discussed our experimental results on the interaction of the deuterium beam with deuterium enriched crystalline structures at energies 10–25 keV as well as the results on the enhancement of DD-reactions’ yield by ion beams: D + D → n (2.45 MeV) + 3 He (0.8 MeV), (1) D + D → p (3 MeV) + T (1 MeV).
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The targets were palladium [1, 3, 5, 8], titanium [2, 4, 5, 8] and CVD diamond [6, 7] deuterated structures. Important factors that cause enhancement of nuclear reactions in solids can be represented by various types of external radiation (electrons, ions, Xrays, etc.). For example, in [9], it was shown that 30 keV energy electron beam and an X-ray beam with photon energies up 120 keV initiate fusion of deuterium nuclei and emission of 3 MeV protons in Pd/PdO : Dx and Ti/TiO2 : Dx systems. In this paper we continue our research on the stimulation of low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR) 1)
P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. 2) Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. 3) ООО “Amtertek”, Moscow, Russia. 4) Scobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. 5) Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Moscow, Russia. * E-mail: [email protected]
in deuterated structures by various kinds of radiations. We observed the emission of X rays, neutrons, and charged particles in the course of treatment of deuterated structures by X-ray beams with energies ranging 20–30 keV. The targets (deuterated CVD diamond, zirconium, palladium, and titanium) were irradiated using an X-ray tube equipped both with a lens and a collimator. We have used various types of detectors: a multi-channel detector based on He-3 counters, a CR-39 plastic track detector and some silicon surface barrier dete
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