Spoofing Signal Generation Based on Manipulation of Code Delay and Doppler Frequency of Authentic GPS Signal
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ISSN:1598-6446 eISSN:2005-4092 http://www.springer.com/12555
Spoofing Signal Generation Based on Manipulation of Code Delay and Doppler Frequency of Authentic GPS Signal Seong-Hun Seo, Gyu-In Jee*, and Byung-Hyun Lee Abstract: We propose an efficient spoofing signal generation method that uses the processing results of a global positioning system (GPS) receiver for authentic GPS signals. Conventional methods of generating spoofing signals use expensive GPS simulators because the structures of the spoofing signals must be almost identical to those of the GPS signals. Simulators require GPS ephemeris at a specific time and target position. Subsequently, a complicated process is used to generate navigation data using the ephemeris and model error sources such as the satellite clock bias and ionospheric delay. In contrast, the proposed method can generate spoofing signals for the desired target position without requiring GPS simulators; it does so by adjusting the signal processing results of the receiver. Using the navigation results of the receiver, such as position and velocity, the pseudorange delay and spoofing Doppler frequency between the estimated position of the receiver and the target spoofing position are obtained; these are then applied to shift the signal-tracking results of the receiver to create a new signal for the target spoofing position. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively generate spoofing signals with characteristics highly similar to those of authentic GPS signals. In addition, we confirmed that the spoofing signals generated by the proposed method are difficult to be detected using conventional spoofing detection techniques. Keywords: Authentic GPS signal, pseudorange delay, signal processing results, spoofing doppler frequency, spoofing signal generation.
1.
INTRODUCTION
The global positioning system (GPS) is an important system used to estimate the absolute position, velocity, and timing information of users worldwide. GPS satellites simultaneously transmit civilian and military signals to the Earth. Military signals are encrypted using restricted codes and are therefore not accessible to the public. In contrast, civilian GPS signals use publicly available pseudo-random noise (PRN) codes that are widely used in multiple fields, such as logistics, transportation, and finance. However, GPS signals are transmitted from GPS satellites that are approximately 20, 000 km away from the surface of the Earth. Thus, the intensity of the GPS signals reaching the surface is approximately −130 dBm, rendering these signals highly vulnerable to interference. Among various sources of interference, spoofing signals pose the biggest problem because they can induce a GPS receiver to perform incorrect navigation solutions inadvertently. Because of the increasing number and variety of GPS applications, the seriousness of the spoofing problem becomes more apparent. Therefore, many studies have been
devoted to solving this problem. To study anti-spoofing techniques, it is
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